Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.   o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer x
Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).     Yes   o     No   x

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $698,160,175 based on a closing price of $14.42 on June 30, 2007 as quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market.

As of March 6, 2008, 49,793,430 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, were issued and outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Certain portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission relative to the registrant’s 2008 annual meeting of stockholders, which will be filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report, are incorporated by reference in Part III to this annual report on Form 10-K.
 

 

 

 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
       
Page
PART I
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
         
PART II
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
         
PART III
 
   
   
   
   
   
         
PART IV
 
   
   
 



 
 
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding industry trends, our future financial position and performance, business strategy, revenues and expenses in future periods, projected levels of growth, and other matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “seeks,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “projects,” “forecasts,” “plans,” “intends,” “continue,” “could,” “should,” or similar expressions or variations. These statements are based on the beliefs and expectations of our management team based on information currently available. Such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by forward-looking statements. Important factors currently known to our management that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those set forth in this annual report under “Item 1A . Risk Factors.”  We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

As used herein, except as otherwise indicated by context, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company” refer to Internap Network Services Corporation.
 

 

PART I
 

Overview

We were incorporated as a Washington corporation in 1996 and reincorporated in Delaware in 2001. Our principal executive offices are located at 250 Williams Street, Suite E-100, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, and our telephone number at that location is (404) 302-9700. Our common stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “INAP.”

We market products and services that optimize the performance and reliability of strategic business Internet applications for e-commerce, customer relationship management, or CRM, multimedia streaming, Voice-over Internet-Protocol, or VoIP, virtual private networks, or VPNs, and supply chain management. Our product and service offerings are complemented by value-added services such as colocation and data center services and managed security services. We also provide products and services for storing and delivering audio and video digital media to large audiences over the Internet through a subsidiary, VitalStream Holdings, Inc., or VitalStream. Our content delivery network, or CDN, was purpose-built for streaming digital media and enables content owners to monetize their digital media assets via both subscription and advertising-based business models. Our VitalStream subsidiary also offers: proprietary advertising selection and advertising insertion capabilities, enabling customers to turn existing streaming traffic into content packaged with advertising; Internet Protocol Television, or IPTV; professional services; and small business services. Additionally, we offer high levels of pre- and post- installation service and consulting.

As of December 31, 2007, we delivered services through our 50 service points across North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia, which feature direct high-speed connections to multiple major Internet backbones such as AT&T Inc., Sprint Nextel Corporation, Verizon Communications Inc., Savvis, Inc., Global Crossing Limited, Level 3 Communications, Inc., and Verio, an NTT Communications Company. Our proprietary route optimization technology monitors the performance of Internet networks allowing our customer traffic to be “intelligently” routed over the optimal path in a way that maximizes performance and reliability of the transactions by minimizing loss and delays inherent across the Internet. We believe our unique managed multi-network approach provides better performance, control and reliability compared to conventional Internet connectivity alternatives. Our service level agreements, or SLAs, guarantee performance across the entire Internet, excluding local connections, whereas providers of conventional Internet connectivity typically only guarantee performance on their own network. Internap serves customers in a variety of industries including financial services, entertainment and media, travel, e-commerce, retail, and technology. As of December 31, 2007, we provided our services to approximately 3,800 customers in the United States and abroad.

 
Developments in 2007

VitalStream Acquisition. On February 20, 2007, we completed our acquisition of VitalStream pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 12, 2006. As a result, we issued approximately 12.2 million shares of common stock to VitalStream stockholders, which represented approximately 25% of our outstanding shares.  We also assumed outstanding options for the purchase of shares of VitalStream common stock, which we converted into options to purchase approximately 1.5 million shares of Internap common stock.  VitalStream is now a wholly-owned subsidiary of Internap.

Restructuring Liability.   On March 31, 2007, we incurred a restructuring and impairment charge totaling $10.3 million. The charge was the result of a review of our business, particularly in light of our acquisition of VitalStream, and the finalization of our overall integration and implementation plan during the  first quarter. The charge to expense included $7.8 million for leased facilities, representing both the net present value of costs less anticipated sublease recoveries that will continue to be incurred without economic benefit to us and costs to terminate leases before the end of their term. The charge also included severance payments of $1.1 million for the termination of certain Internap employees and $1.4 million for impairment of assets. Related expenditures are estimated to be $10.7 million, of which $2.8 million has been paid during the year ended December 31, 2007, and the balance continuing through December 2016, the last date of the longest lease term. The impairment charge of $1.3 million was related to the leases referenced above and less than $0.1 million for other assets.
 
We also incurred a $1.1 million impairment recorded for a sales order-through-billing system, which was a result of an evaluation of the existing infrastructure relative to our new financial accounting system and the acquisition of VitalStream.
 
Write-Off of Investment.  In connection with the preparation of our quarterly report for the quarter ended June 30, 2007, we wrote-off an investment, totaling $1.2 million, representing the remaining carrying value of our investment in series D preferred stock of Aventail Corporation, or Aventail. We made an initial cash investment of $6.0 million in Aventail series D preferred stock pursuant to an investment agreement in February 2000. In connection with a subsequent round of financing by Aventail, we recognized an initial impairment loss on our investment of $4.8 million in 2001. On June 12, 2007, SonicWall, Inc. announced that it had entered into an agreement to acquire Aventail for approximately $25.0 million in cash. The transaction closed on July 11, 2007, and all shares of series D preferred stock were cancelled and the holders of series D preferred stock did not receive any consideration for such shares.  Consequently, we recorded a write-off of our investment in Aventail to reduce our carrying value to $0.
 
Rights Agreement. On March 15, 2007, the Board of Directors declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right, or a Right, for each outstanding share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company. The dividend was payable on March 23, 2007 to the stockholders of record on that date. Each Right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of Series B Preferred Stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, or the Preferred Shares, at a price of $100.00 per one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share, subject to adjustment. The description and terms of the Rights are set forth in a Rights Agreement between the Company and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent dated April 11, 2007.
 
Data Center Expansion.   On June 12, 2007, we announced that we approved an investment of up to $40.0 million to fund the expansion of our data center facilities in several key markets. We anticipate implementing the expansion over the next several calendar quarters, with at least a portion of the funding to be provided under our credit agreement, discussed below.  As of December 31, 2007, we have incurred costs of less than $10.0 million pursuant to this expansion.

 
Credit Agreement. On September 14, 2007, we entered into a $35.0 million credit agreement. We discuss this agreement in note 10 to the consolidated financial statements and the section captioned “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under “Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Industry Background

The emergence of multiple Internet networks

The Internet originated as a restricted network designed to provide efficient and reliable long distance data communications among the disparate computer systems used by government-funded researchers and organizations. As the Internet evolved, businesses began to use the Internet for functions critical to their core business and communications. Telecommunications companies established additional networks to supplement the original public infrastructure and satisfy increasing demand. Currently, the Internet is a global collection of multitudes of interconnected computer networks, forming a network of networks. These networks were developed at great expense but are nonetheless constrained by the fundamental limitations of the Internet’s architecture. Each network must connect to one another, or peer, to permit its users to communicate with each other. Consequently, many Internet network service providers, or ISPs, have agreed to exchange large volumes of data traffic through a limited number of public network access points and a growing number of private connections called peering.

Peering network access points are not centrally managed. We believe that no single entity has the economic incentive or ability to facilitate problem resolution or to optimize peering within the public network access points, nor the authority to bring about centralized routing administration. Additionally, since these arrangements are based on non-regulated agreements, disagreements between carriers impact performance. As a consequence of the lack of coordination among networks at these public peering points, and in order to avoid the increasing congestion and the potential for resulting data loss at the public network access points, a number of the ISPs have established private interfaces connecting with their peers for the exchange of traffic. Although private peering arrangements are helpful for exchanging traffic, they do not solve all of the structural and economic shortcomings of the Internet.

The problem of inefficient routing of data traffic on the Internet

An individual ISP only controls the routing of data within its network, and its routing practices tend to compound the inefficiencies of the Internet. When an ISP receives a packet that is not destined for one of its own customers, it must route that packet to another ISP to complete the delivery of the packet on the Internet. Since the use of a public network access point or a private peering point typically involves no economic settlement, an ISP will often route the data to the nearest point of traffic exchange, in an effort to get the packet off its network and onto a competitor’s network as quickly as possible to reduce capacity and management burdens on its transport network. Once the origination traffic leaves the network of an ISP, service level agreements with that ISP typically do not apply since that carrier cannot control the quality of service on another ISPs network. Consequently, in order to complete a communication, data ordinarily passes through multiple networks and peering points without consideration for congestion or other factors that inhibit performance. For customers of conventional Internet connectivity providers, this transfer can result in lost data, slower and more erratic transmission speeds, and an overall lower quality of service, especially where the ISP is not familiar with the performance of the destination network. Equally important, these customers have no control over the transmission arrangements and have no single point of contact that they can hold accountable for degradation in service levels, such as poor data transmission performance, or service failures. As a result, it is virtually impossible for a single ISP to offer a high quality of service across disparate networks.
 
 
The problem of poor application performance over distant network paths

The major protocols often utilized over data networks perform poorly when network latency is large or network paths are subject to packet and data loss. Network latency is a measure of the time it takes data to travel between two network points. In networks, network latency often depends on physical distance but may also depend on conditions such as congestion. One measure of performance is effective throughput. Throughput is defined as the rate of data transfer, typically expressed in bits per second or megabits per second, or Mbps. It can be limited by the size of the network connection, for example, 1.5Mbps for a standard T1 data connection, or it can be limited by the protocols reacting to certain network conditions such as latency or packet loss. Typically, throughput is inversely proportional to network latency. Network latency is a significant factor when communicating over vast distances such as the global network paths between two continents. The more distant the communicating parties are from each other, the higher the network latency will be resulting in lower effective throughput. This throughput may be lower than the available network capacity and often results in poor utilization of purchased network capacity. Additionally, many network protocols react to packet loss by requesting a retransmission of the missing data. This retransmission is often interpreted as intermediate network congestion by the protocol that then responds with more conservative network usage and a further reduction of effective throughput. As a result, business applications that must communicate over the vast distances common in the global economy are subject to these limitations, which result in poor application performance and poor utilization of network assets. Network conditions vary significantly in many parts of the developing world and may also result in poor application performance. Yet the global economy is a factor in many businesses operating in these parts of the developing world where distances are vast and network conditions are poor.

The growing importance of the Internet for business-critical Internet-based applications

Once primarily used for e-mail and basic information retrieval, the Internet is now used as a communications platform for an increasing number of business-critical Internet-based applications, such as those relating to electronic commerce, VoIP, supply chain management, customer relationship management, project coordination, streaming media, and video conferencing and collaboration.

Businesses are unable to benefit from the full potential of the Internet primarily because of performance issues discussed above. The emergence of technologies and applications that rely on network quality and require consistent, high-speed data transfer, such as VoIP, multimedia document distribution and streaming, and audio and video conferencing and collaboration, are hindered by inconsistent performance. We believe that providers who provide a consistently high quality of service that enables businesses to successfully and cost effectively execute their business-critical Internet-based applications over the public network infrastructure through superior performance Internet routing services will drive the market for Internet services.

The growing demand for delivery of rich media content over the Internet

The proliferation of Internet-connected devices and broadband Internet connections coupled with increased consumption of media over the Internet including personalized media content have created a demand for delivery of rich media content. Increasingly, as the volume and quality of dynamic content progresses, viewers of all ages are spending more and more time using the Internet.  Viewers now expect to be able to watch a movie or television show online, view the latest news clips, take a virtual walk-through of a home, hear a podcast, watch a live sporting event or concert, or participate in an educational course just to name a few examples.  Companies that need to deliver rich media content can either deliver the content using basic Internet connectivity or utilize a content distribution network, or CDN.  Because of the inherit weaknesses of the Internet, delivery of rich media content is not reliable.  To overcome this problem, companies can either invest substantial capital to build the infrastructure to bypass the public Internet or utilize a third party’s CDN.
 
Our Market Opportunity

Historically, network service providers, or NSPs, have maintained at-will agreements to deliver Internet traffic on a “best efforts” basis without guaranteeing various levels of quality of service. This best efforts delivery is sub-optimal for time-sensitive and real-time applications that require uninterrupted streams of data such as voice and video. For companies that rely on the Internet as a medium for commerce or relationship management, this unpredictable performance often translates into lost revenue, decreased productivity and dissatisfied customers.
 
 
The Internet serves as a core component of many direct sales, supply chain and collaboration strategies and has extended our customers’ ability to reach global partners, suppliers and customers. This changing landscape, combined with an increasingly dispersed workforce and the adoption of emerging technologies like VoIP and streaming media, has increased the need for fast, reliable connectivity and delivery of content rich media. We believe Internap meets this requirement and is well positioned to help businesses leverage the Internet to attain improved productivity, decreased transactional costs and new revenue streams.

Services and Technology

We offer the following managed services and premise-based products:

High Performance Internet Protocol, or IP  

Our managed intelligent routing service provides fast, reliable connectivity to all major backbones and dynamically identifies the optimal path for our customers’ traffic. The service is also supported by industry leading service level agreements with 100 percent network availability, excluding local connections. Our team of certified network engineers supports our customers 24 hours a day, every day of the year. We charge for these services based on a fixed-fee, usage or a combination of both fixed fee and usage basis.

Data Center Services  

We operate data centers where customers can host their applications directly on our network to eliminate issues associated with the quality of local connections. Data center services also enable us to have a more flexible product offering, such as bundling our high performance IP connectivity and managed services such as content delivery along with hosting customers’ applications. We charge monthly fees for data center services based on the amount of square footage that the customer leases in our facilities. We also have relationships with various providers to extend our Private Network Access Point, or P-NAP, model into markets with high demand.
 

Flow Control Platform, or FCP

Our FCP is a premise-based intelligent routing hardware product for customers who run their own multiple network architectures, known as multi-homing. The prevalence of multi-homed networks is increasing. To operate each network at the highest performance level, a significant amount of expertise is required to monitor and adjust to global Internet routing, which is very dynamic in nature. The FCP functions similarly to our P-NAP, monitoring the global Internet and automatically adjusting routing real-time to balance the traffic across multiple links to optimize performance. FCP can be tuned to manage network traffic on two dimensions: cost and performance. The user can set thresholds that balance performance against cost, for example routing all traffic across low cost providers while specific minimum performance thresholds are met. If the performance deteriorates, then the traffic can be routed over a better performing but more costly provider to maintain minimum specified performance. This option allows the customer to enjoy service with the optimized performance and economics. Another key feature is minute-by-minute visibility reports and logs on the performance and operation of the customer’s network. Our customers find this information to be very useful for carrier SLA verification, monitoring and overall network management.
 
 
FCP is one of only a few of the industry’s route control appliances that analyzes and re-routes Internet traffic flows in real-time. We offer FCP as either a one-time hardware purchase or as a monthly subscription service. Sales of FCP also generate annual maintenance fees and professional service fees for installation and ongoing network configuration. Since the FCP emulates our P-NAP service in many ways, this product affords us the opportunity to serve customers outside of our P-NAP market footprint.

Other Products & Services

To complement our existing portfolio, we also offer managed Internet services via third parties. These services include virtual private networking and managed security services, including VeriSign, Inc. intrusion detection/prevention and managed firewall services to more broadly support our clients’ Internet applications. These also include a continuation of Akamai Technologies, Inc., or Akamai, CDN services through September 30, 2007.

We offer the following products and services based on our CDN:
 
Next Generation Cluster Architecture Content Delivery Network
 
Our CDN is designed to optimize delivery of streaming media content. The network incorporates high performance equipment with unparalleled 10 Gigabit uplinks to multiple tier-1 network providers and geographic diversity. The network is comprised of multiple data centers containing distributed server clusters. This multi-homed network helps minimize exposure at congested peers. Our close proximity to other backbone providers ensures we can quickly add bandwidth when needed. Distributed clustering technology for streaming and hosting services allows us to scale the network based on customer demand.
 
Our network is protected by advanced security systems, including firewalls, proxies and private networking to protect critical systems from intruders. We continuously monitor for security vulnerabilities and malicious activity and employ a staff of security experts to respond to security-related incidents. Additionally, we provide various encryption and digital rights management services that allow our customers to protect their content on our network.
 
Streaming Service for Flash
 
We worked hand-in-hand with Adobe, which was formerly known as Macromedia, to develop a Flash streaming platform, and are an experienced Flash video streaming service provider. This method of delivering video on demand is reliable, interactive and easy to use, giving our customers the opportunity to utilize their existing Flash development environment, and streamlining their workflow. Our Flash video streaming service permits our customers to upload files to our streaming network without having to set up and maintain video servers.
 
As an Adobe Flash Video Streaming Service provider, we can support Flash 8 and Flash Media Server 2.0. The new video features found in the Flash Platform with the announcement of Flash Player 8 offer enhanced capabilities for interactive video, enabling our customers to deliver high-quality video at the smallest file sizes while ensuring faster and smoother video playback. These enhancements significantly improve the overall viewing experience of streaming video.
 
Streaming Service for Windows Media
 
Our streaming service for windows media is ideal for businesses seeking to distribute or sell their high-quality video online with maximum control of their content. Windows Media is a flexible platform that enables content providers to protect and deliver live events, corporate presentations, news, sports, music, entertainment events, or movies with the confidence that digital media files will stay protected, no matter how they are distributed. We have been a Microsoft Premier Certified Hosting Service provider since October 2002.
 
Content Delivery Service
 
Our streaming customers often need to utilize download services as part of their business solution. In response to this customer demand, we provide file download services to enable our customers to download critical content including HTML, graphics, media files, software, and podcasts to their customers.
 
 
Professional Services
 
This division assists our customers in building the unique solutions required for their specialized business models. Through internal and external resources, these services design, build and deploy custom solutions, such as video players, graphical user interfaces, or GUIs, advertising components, control panels for content management and reporting, authentication web services, and Flash Communication Server applications. These solutions are fully integrated into our CDN. We also architect, design, build, and deploy web applications that feature video or audio streaming and interface with existing customer systems. Fees for these services vary by project.
 
Authentication
 
Our authentication service provides token-based authentication services. This service protects and delivers customers’ offerings by allowing only authorized viewers to access content, which enables customers to take greater advantage of the Internet as a reliable and cost-effective distribution channel.
 
Managed Servers
 
Our managed servers are an outsourced hosting service for our customers. We provide server hardware, bandwidth and continuous system administration, including server and network monitoring, reporting, ongoing maintenance, security, and backup. We charge a fixed monthly fee for standard hosting services.
 
Advertising
 
Internap advertising services provides customers with a one-stop solution for delivering integrated streaming and digital advertising content on the Internet. The solution inserts in-stream advertisements into “live” and “on-demand” Internet streaming broadcasts to target specific listener demographics, enabling advertisers to reach the most engaged opt-in audio and video audiences with a seamless, in-stream advertising experience. Campaign management and advertising results reporting complete the comprehensive solution.
 
Network Access Points, Points of Presence and Data Centers

We provide our services through our network access points across North America, and in Europe, Asia, and Australia. Our network access points and data centers feature direct high speed connections to multiple major ISPs, including AT&T Inc., Sprint Nextel Corporation, Verizon Communications Inc., Savvis, Inc., Global Crossing Limited, Level 3 Communications, and Verio, an NTT Communications Company, as well as Internet Initiative Japan, Inc. and KDDI Corp. in Asia. Through our CDN points of presence, or POPs, we provide access to the Internet for our CDN customers. As of December 31, 2007, we provided services worldwide through 50 IP service points, 42 data center locations and 12 POPs. We directly operate eight of these sites and have operating agreements with third parties for the remaining locations in the following markets:
 
Internap operated
 
Operated under third party agreements
 
Boston
Orange County/
Amsterdam
Boston
 
Chicago
San Diego
Hong Kong
Houston
 
Dallas
Philadelphia
London
New York
 
Denver
Phoenix
Osaka(1)
Seattle
 
Los Angeles
San Francisco
Singapore
   
Miami
San Jose
Sydney
   
New York
Washington DC
Tokyo(1)
   
Oakland
 
Toronto
 

(1)
Through our joint venture in Internap Japan Co., Ltd. with NTT-ME Corporation and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation.
 
 
 
We are dependent upon the ISPs noted above as well as other ISPs, telecommunications carriers and other vendors in the United States, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region, some of whom have experienced significant system failures and electrical outages in the past. Users of our services may experience difficulties due to system failures unrelated to our systems and services. If for any reason, our vendors and providers fail to provide the required services, our business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be materially adversely impacted.

Segments

As discussed in note 5 to the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report on Form 10-K, we operate in three business segments: IP services, data center services and CDN services.

The following is a brief description of each of our reportable business segments.

IP Services
 
Our patented and patent-pending network performance optimization technologies address the inherent weaknesses of the Internet, allowing enterprises to take advantage of the convenience, flexibility and reach of the Internet to connect to customers, suppliers and partners. Our solutions take into account the unique performance requirements of each business application to ensure performance as designed, without unnecessary cost. Prior to recommending appropriate network solutions for our customers’ applications, we consider key performance objectives including (1) performance and cost optimization, (2) application control and speed and (3) delivery and reach. Our charges for IP services are based on a fixed-fee, usage or a combination of both fixed fee and usage.
 
Our IP services segment also includes our flow control platform, or FCP. The FCP provides network performance management and monitoring for companies with multi-homed networks and redundant Internet connections.  The FCP proactively reviews customer networks for the best performing route or the most cost-effective and routes according to our customers’ requirements.  We offer FCP as either a one-time hardware purchase or as a monthly subscription service. Sales of FCP also generate annual maintenance fees and professional service fees for installation and ongoing network configuration. Since the FCP emulates our private network access points, or P-NAP, service in many ways, this product affords us the opportunity to serve customers outside of our P-NAP market footprint. This product represents approximately 4% of our IP services revenue and approximately 2% of our consolidated revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007.
 
Data Center Services
 
Our data center services provide a single source for network infrastructure, IP and security, all of which are designed to maximize solution performance while providing a more stable, dependable infrastructure, and are backed by guaranteed service levels and our team of dedicated support professionals. We offer a comprehensive solution at 42 service points, including eight locations managed by us and 34 locations managed by third parties.

Data center services also enable us to have a more flexible product offering, including bundling our high performance IP connectivity and managed services, such as content delivery, along with hosting customers' applications. We charge monthly fees for data center services based on the amount of square footage that the customer leases in our facilities. We also have relationships with various providers to extend our P-NAP model into markets with high demand.
  
CDN Services
 
Our CDN services enable our customers to quickly and securely stream and distribute video, audio, advertising, and software to audiences across the globe through strategically located data centers. Providing capacity-on-demand to handle large events and unanticipated traffic spikes, content is delivered with high quality regardless of audience size or geographic location. Our MediaConsole® content management tool provides our customers the benefit of a single, easy to navigate system featuring Media Asset Management, Digital Rights Management, or DRM, support, and detailed reporting tools. With MediaConsole, our customers can use one application to manage and control access to their digital assets, deliver advertising campaigns, view network conditions, and gain insight into habits of their viewing audience.
 
 
Our CDN and monetization services provide a complete turnkey solution for the monetization of online media. These multi-faceted “live” and “on-demand” advertising insertion and advertising placement solutions include a full campaign management suite, inventory prediction tools, audience research and metrics, and extensive reporting features to effectively track advertising campaigns in real-time. Online advertising solutions enable our customers to offset the costs associated with the creation, transformation, licensing, and management of online content. Prior to our acquisition of VitalStream on February 20, 2007, we did not offer proprietary CDN services, but instead, we were a reseller of third party CDN services for which the results of operations are included in Other revenues and direct costs of network, sales and services, discussed below.
 
Other
 
Other revenues and direct costs of network, sales and services include our non-segmented results of operations, including certain reseller and miscellaneous services such as third party CDN services, termination fee revenue, other hardware sales, and consulting services.

Financial Information about Geographic Areas

For each of the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, less than 10% of our total revenues was derived from our operations outside the United States.

Sales and Marketing

Our sales and marketing objective is to achieve market penetration and increase brand recognition among business customers in key industries that use the Internet for strategic and business-critical operations. We employ a direct sales team with extensive and relevant sales experience with our target market. Our sales offices are located in key cities across North America, as well as one office each in the United Kingdom and Singapore.

Our sales and service organization includes 116 employees in direct and channel sales, professional services, account management, and technical consulting.  As of December 31, 2007, we had approximately 45 direct sales representatives whose performance is measured on the basis of achievement of quota objectives.

To support our sales efforts and promote the Internap brand, we conduct comprehensive marketing programs.  Our marketing strategies include on-line advertisements, participation at trade shows, an active public relations campaign, and continuing customer communications.  As of December 31, 2007, we had seven employees in our marketing department.

Research and Development

Product development costs are primarily related to network engineering costs associated with changes to the functionality of our proprietary services and network architecture. Such costs that do not qualify for capitalization as software development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs, which are included in product development cost and are expensed as incurred, primarily consist of compensation rela