Item 405 of Regulation
S-K (§229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants
knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of
this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated
filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer þ Non-accelerated filer o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of
the Act). Yes o No þ
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates
of the registrant based upon the closing price of the registrants stock, as quoted on the NASDAQ
Global Market on December 31, 2006, the last business day of the registrants most recently
completed second fiscal quarter, was $133,547,841. Shares of common stock held by each officer and
director and by each person or group who owns 5% or more of the outstanding common stock have been
excluded given that such persons or groups may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of
affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
The number of shares outstanding of the registrants Common Stock, $.01 par value, as of
September 7, 2007 was 13,463,995 shares.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Certain responses to Part III are incorporated by reference to information contained in the
Companys definitive Proxy Statement for its 2007 Annual Meeting to be filed with the Commission
within 120 days after the end of the registrants 2007 fiscal year.
PART I
Item 1. Business
General
Lifecore Biomedical, Inc. (Lifecore or the Company) designs and markets dental implants
and manufactures hyaluronan and medical devices based on hyaluronan for use in various surgical
markets. The Company was incorporated in the State of Minnesota in 1965. The Company operates
two divisions, the Hyaluronan Division and the Dental Division. Further information about Lifecore
can be obtained from Lifecores internet website at www.lifecore.com. The contents of the
website are not intended to be a part of this Form 10-K and are not incorporated by reference.
Also, Lifecore makes available free of charge through its internet website the Companys Annual
Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to
those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 (the Exchange Act), as soon as reasonably practicable after it electronically files such
material with, or furnishes such material to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The Companys Hyaluronan Division is principally involved in the development and manufacture
of products utilizing hyaluronan, a naturally occurring polysaccharide that is widely distributed
in the extracellar matrix of connective tissues in both animals and humans. In addition, the
Company has licensed a sodium hyaluronate cross-linking technology from The Cleveland Clinic
Foundation (CCF) designed to provide a development vehicle for a product platform to introduce
new products for the existing medical segments, as well as potentially new market segments.
Furthermore, we are pursuing other development activities to utilize the Companys fermentation and
aseptic filling capabilities for non-hyaluronan based products.
The Hyaluronan Division primarily sells into three medical segments: 1) Ophthalmic, 2)
Orthopedic and 3) Veterinary. Lifecore also supplies hyaluronan to customers pursuing other
medical applications, such as aesthetic surgery, medical device coatings, tissue engineering and
pharmaceuticals. The Company leverages its hyaluronan manufacturing expertise to provide expanded
hyaluronan product offerings and specialized aseptic manufacturing of hyaluronan products.
The Companys Dental Division develops and markets precision surgical and prosthetic devices
for the restoration of missing dentition. The Companys dental implants are permanently implanted
in the jaw for tooth replacement therapy as long-term support for crowns, bridges and dentures.
The Dental Division also offers innovative bone regenerative products for the repair of bone
defects resulting from periodontal disease and tooth loss. Additionally, the Dental Division
provides professional support services to its dental surgery clients through comprehensive
education curricula, as provided in the Companys various Skills Series and Know HOW courses.
These professional continuing education programs are designed to train restorative clinicians and
their auxiliary teams in the principles of tooth replacement therapy and practice management. The
Companys Increasing Case Acceptance (ICA) program offers clients the marketing and consultative
tools and training to foster higher patient acceptance of dental implants.
The Dental Divisions products are marketed in the United States through the Companys direct
sales force. Internationally, the Dental Divisions products are marketed through direct
subsidiaries in Italy, Germany, France and Sweden, and through 28 national distributors covering 49
additional countries.
Financial information by business segment and geographic area is contained in Note H to the
Companys Consolidated Financial Statements.
2
Trademarks
The following trademarks are the property of Lifecore: LUROCOAT® Ophthalmic
Solution; ORTHOLURE Orthopedic Viscosupplement; PRIMA, RENOVA®, RESTORE®
and SUSTAIN® Dental Implant Systems; STAGE-1® Single Stage Implant System;
Quick-Cap® Impression System; CALFORMA® Calcium Sulfate Barrier;
CALMATRIX® Calcium Sulfate Binder; CAPSET® Calcium Sulfate Bone Graft
Barrier; SlowSet; TefGen® Regenerative Membrane; and Support Plus®. U.S.
trademark registrations are generally for a term of 10 years, renewable every 10 years as long as
the trademark is used in the regular course of trade.
Viscoat® Intraocular Viscoelastic is a registered trademark of Alcon, Inc.
(Alcon); Vitrax®II Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Device is a registered trademark of Advanced Medical
Optics; Hyaluron HEXAL® is a registered trademark of Novartis AG; HY-50® is a
registered trademark of Bexco Pharma, Inc.; Rayvisc Ophthalmic Viscoelastic is a registered
trademark of Rayner; and DBX® Demineralized Bone Matrix is a registered trademark of the
Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation (MTF).
Hyaluronan Division
Background
Hyaluronan, a naturally occurring polysaccharide, is a component of many tissues in the body
and of physiological fluids that lubricate or otherwise protect the bodys soft tissues. Due to its
widespread presence in tissues, critical role in normal physiology and its high degree of
biocompatibility, the Company believes that hyaluronan will continue to be used for an increasing
variety of medical applications. The Company produces hyaluronan through a proprietary fermentation
process.
Hyaluronan was first demonstrated to have commercial medical utility as a viscoelastic
solution in cataract surgery. In this application, it is used for maintaining the shape of the
anterior chamber and protecting corneal tissue during the removal and implantation of intraocular
lenses. The first ophthalmic hyaluronan product, produced by extraction from rooster comb tissue,
became commercially available in the United States in 1981. Hyaluronan-based products, produced
either by rooster comb extraction or by fermentation processes such as the Companys, have since
gained widespread acceptance in ophthalmology and are currently used in the majority of cataract
extraction procedures in the world. The Companys hyaluronan is also used as an aseptic solution
which is used as a carrier vehicle for allogeneic freeze-dried demineralized bone provided to
orthopedic surgeons, as a component of devices to treat the symptoms of osteoarthritis, and as a
component to provide increased lubricity to medical devices. The Companys hyaluronan has been
utilized in veterinary applications as a veterinary drug and device to treat traumatic arthritis
and as an embryo cryopreservation media.
Strategy
The Company intends to use its proprietary fermentation process and aseptic formulation and
filling expertise to be a leader in the development of hyaluronan-based products for multiple
applications and to take advantage of non-hyaluronan device and drug opportunities which leverage
our expertise. Elements of the Companys strategy include the following:
| | Establish strategic relationships with market leaders. The Company will continue to develop applications for products with partners who have strong marketing, sales and distribution capabilities to end-user markets. The Company currently has established relationships with the market leading companies Alcon and Advanced Medical Optics in ophthalmology, Novartis AG in generic devices and drugs, and MTF, the worlds largest bone tissue procurement and distribution service. | ||
| | Expand medical applications for hyaluronan. Due to the growing knowledge of the unique characteristics of hyaluronan and the role it plays in normal physiology, the Company continues to identify and pursue further uses for hyaluronan in other medical applications, such as wound care, aesthetic surgery, adhesion prevention, drug delivery, device coatings and pharmaceuticals. Further applications may involve expanding process development activity and/or additional licensing of technology. |
3
| | License Hyaluronan Technology from Third Parties. As part of this strategy, Lifecore entered into a world-wide exclusive license and development agreement with CCF to develop and commercialize hyaluronan-based products and related applications. The license is for patented hyaluronan-based cross-linking technology that can be used for products in aesthetics, orthopedics, ophthalmology and other medical fields. Given the broad number of applications, Lifecore anticipates that it will sublicense the technology for certain applications while retaining manufacturing rights. | ||
| | Utilize manufacturing infrastructure to pursue contract aseptic filling and fermentation opportunities. The Company will continue to evaluate providing contract services for opportunities that are suited for the capital and facility investment related to aseptic filling equipment, fermentation and purification. | ||
| | Maintain flexibility in product development and supply relationships. The Companys vertically integrated development and manufacturing capabilities allow it to establish a variety of relationships with global corporate partners. Lifecores role in these relationships extends from supplying hyaluronan raw materials to manufacturers of aseptically-packaged, finished sterile products to developing and manufacturing our own proprietary products. |
Hyaluronan Division Products
The following chart summarizes the principal products of the Hyaluronan Division, along with
their applications, and the companies with which Lifecore has related strategic relationships:
| PRODUCT | DESCRIPTION | MARKET | STATUS+ | |||
OPHTHALMIC |
||||||
Viscoat® Intraocular Viscoelastic |
Lifecore supplies hyaluronan powder for inclusion in Alcons Viscoat® Opthalmic Viscoelastic. | Cataract surgery | Commercial sales since 1986 |
|||
LUROCOAT®
Ophthalmic Viscoelastic |
Lifecore supplies its private label product for marketing on a non-exclusive basis. | Cataract surgery | Commercial sales since June 1997 | |||
ORTHOPEDIC |
||||||
Hyaluronan Solution for DBX® Demineralized Bone Matrix |
Lifecore supplies a sterile hyaluronan solution to MTF for use as a carrier vehicle for its allogeneic demineralized, freeze-dried bone. | Grafting material for restoration of bone defects | Commercial sales since 2000 |
|||
Hyaluron HEXAL® Orthopedic Viscosupplement |
Lifecore supplies a finished orthopedic viscosupplement for Novartis AGs distribution network. | Injections for the local treatment of pain associated with osteoarthritis | Commercial sales began in fiscal 2005 |
|||
VETERINARY |
||||||
HY-50®
|
Lifecore supplies a finished veterinary viscosupplement to Bexco Pharma, Inc. for use as a veterinary orthopedic injectable drug or device. | Veterinary drug/device |
Commercial sales since 1993 |
| + | For many of the products listed above, government regulatory approvals are required before commercial sales can commence in the United States or elsewhere. See Government Regulation. No assurance can be given that such products will be successfully approved in new markets. |
Ophthalmic Applications
Cataract Surgery. Currently, a primary commercial application for the Companys hyaluronan is
in cataract surgery. Hyaluronan, in the form of a viscoelastic solution, is used to maintain a
deep chamber during anterior segment surgeries (including cataract extraction and intraocular lens
implantation) and to protect the corneal endothelium and other ocular tissue. These solutions have
been shown to reduce surgical trauma and thereby contribute to more rapid recovery with fewer
complications than were experienced prior to the use of viscoelastics. The Company currently sells
hyaluronan for this application to Alcon, the leading producer of ophthalmic surgical
4
products in the world, for inclusion in ViscoatÒ Ophthalmic Viscoelastic. The Company also
has distribution agreements with multiple companies to supply its hyaluronan based
LUROCOAT® Opthalmic Viscoelastic (discussed below) under private label outside the
United States and Canada.
The Companys relationship with Alcon and its predecessors commenced in 1983. Since that
time, sales of hyaluronan to Alcon have continued to be made pursuant to supply agreements. The
current Alcon supply agreement, as renewed in December 2004, is a non-exclusive agreement for a
term of four years through December 31, 2008.
Hyaluronan-based products are used in the majority of cataract surgeries in the world. The
Company estimates that the worldwide market for hyaluronan for cataract surgery, on a hospital cost
basis, is approximately $550 million per year.
The Company has developed its own viscoelastic solution, LUROCOAT® Ophthalmic
Viscoelastic. The Company received CE marking for LUROCOAT Ophthalmic Viscoelastic during 1997,
allowing LUROCOAT Ophthalmic Viscoelastic to be marketed and sold outside the United States. The
Company supplies LUROCOAT Ophthalmic Viscoelastic under private label agreements. Export shipments
of LUROCOAT Ophthalmic Viscoelastic began in 1997.
The Company signed an agreement with Advanced Medical Optics (AMO) to supply Lifecores
hyaluronan based viscoelastic under private label with sales commencing in fiscal year 2005. After
an initial term of three years through May 2007, the AMO agreement has been renewed through May
2009.
Lifecore estimates that its hyaluronan has been used in over 30 million ophthalmic patients
globally since 1983.
Orthopedic Applications
The Company supplies an aseptic hyaluronan solution to BioCon, Inc., the non-profit
controlling affiliate of MTF, which utilizes the solution as a carrier vehicle for its allogeneic
demineralized, freeze-dried bone in a final putty composition trademarked as DBXÒ
Demineralized Bone Matrix. This bone putty is provided by MTF to orthopedic surgeons through
MTFs distribution channels. The Company has a supply agreement with MTF through December 2009.
The Company also supplies a finished orthopedic viscosupplement for Novartis AGs distribution
network.
Veterinary Applications
The Company manufactures Bexco Pharma, Inc.s HY-50® product, an aseptically packaged
hyaluronan solution for use as a veterinary orthopedic device or veterinary orthopedic injectible
drug, under a supply agreement expiring June 30, 2010.
Lifecore estimates that its veterinary hyaluronan product has been used in over 700,000 equine
procedures worldwide.
Product Development
The Hyaluronan Division undertakes its own product development activities for hyaluronan-based
applications, as well as on a contract basis with certain clients. The majority of the projects
are intended to demonstrate that the Companys hyaluronan is suitable for a particular medical
application. Suitability is often measured by detailed specifications for product characteristics
such as purity, stability, viscosity and molecular weight, as well as efficacy for a particular
medical application in a clinical setting.
In addition, the Company has licensed a sodium hyaluronate cross-linking technology from CCF.
The development activity with this technology is intended to demonstrate the efficacy in multiple
medical applications.
There can be no assurance that products currently under development by the Company or in
partnership with others will be successfully developed or, if so developed, will be successfully
and profitably marketed.
5
Dental Division
Background
Dental implant systems are increasingly accepted as a replacement for missing or extracted
teeth and serve as supports for dentures, crowns and bridges. In comparison to conventional
restorative procedures, dental implants are surgically placed in the jawbone, simulating the
anchoring of a tooth by its root. The implant maintains underlying bone structure and provides
superior fixation of restorations, minimizing loosening of implants against surrounding teeth and
gingiva. To further enhance osseointegration, various implant styles may be roughened to create
added surface area for bone-to-implant contact. The annual worldwide dental implant market was
estimated to be approximately $1.8 billion in 2006.
Bone graft substitutes and bone regeneration membranes are used for the restoration of
deteriorated bone caused by periodontal disease and tooth loss. Historically, autologous bone
(self-donated from another part of the patients own body) has been used to treat and regenerate
deteriorated bone. Cadaver, synthetic and animal-derived bone graft substitutes emerged to address
the issues of limited quantity and second surgical site morbidity associated with use of autologous
bone. The current annual U.S. market for dental bone augmentation is approximately $111 million.
The Companys TefGen® Regenerative Membrane, CAPSET® Calcium Sulfate Bone
Graft Barrier, CALFORMA® Calcium Sulfate Barrier and CALMATRIX® Calcium
Sulfate Binder products, along with additional new product development, target this market
opportunity.
Strategy
The Company is committed to providing the dental community with comprehensive treatment
solutions and practice-building support through:
| | Development or acquisition of a broad line of dental implants, technology and related dental surgery support products that facilitate the transition from competitive systems to the Lifecore system. | ||
| | Development and delivery of unique customer support programs and materials concentrating on the principles of tooth replacement therapy, practice management techniques, and marketing and consulting skills training to foster higher patient acceptance of dental implants. | ||
| | Increased penetration of markets by expanded direct selling efforts. | ||
| | Expansion of international markets and additional distribution agreements. |
Dental Division Products
The following chart summarizes the principal products of the Companys Dental Division:
| PRODUCT | BENEFIT / APPLICATION | STATUS | ||
IMPLANTS |
||||
PRIMA Implant System with TiLobe Technology |
A unique, proprietary implant system. PRIMACONNEX incorporates TiLobe Technology, a six-lobed internal connection. PRIMASOLO is a one-piece implant that incorporates the surgical and restorative components in one unit. Both implants are available in either straight or tapered configurations and are placed using one surgical kit. | Commercial sales | ||
RENOVA® Internal Hex Dental Implant System |
Major clinical segment utilizing internal hex connection providing increased stability; available in both straight and tapered implant systems offering flexibility of clinical treatment. | Commercial sales |
6
| PRODUCT | BENEFIT / APPLICATION | STATUS | ||
RESTORE® External Hex Dental Implant Systems |
Time proven external hex implants with industry leading prosthetic fit and familiar surgical/restorative procedures. | Commercial sales | ||
STAGE-1® Single Stage Implant System |
Provides the timesaving benefits of a one-stage surgical procedure with the restorative simplicity and reliability of a Morse taper prosthetic connection. | Commercial sales | ||
Quick-Cap® Impression System
|
Increases the ease and efficiency of the implant restoration process. | Commercial sales | ||
BONE REGENERATION |
||||
CALMATRIX® Calcium Sulfate Bone Graft Binder |
Combined with bone graft material, CALMATRIX® forms a putty-like composite that fills osseous or periodontal defects to regenerate bone. | Commercial sales | ||
CALFORMA® Calcium Sulfate Bone Graft Barrier |
CALFORMA® is a shapeable putty-like containment barrier that covers intra-oral defects and provides protection and undisturbed space for regeneration. | Commercial sales | ||
CAPSET® Calcium Sulfate Bone Graft Barrier, including SlowSet Version |
For use with natural and synthetic bone graft materials as a resorbable barrier cap and/or binding agent. | Commercial sales | ||
TefGen® Regenerative Membrane
|
Non-resorbable membrane for assisting the regeneration of bone defects. | Commercial sales |
Implant Products
The PRIMA Implant System design offers unprecedented clinical flexibility in a single implant
system. With one or two-piece implants, a streamlined surgical kit and an array of advanced
features and restorative options, the Lifecore PRIMA Implant System meets exacting standards and
delivers superior clinical and esthetic results. The PRIMA Implant System was commercially launched
in October 2005.
The RENOVA® Internal Hex Implant System design provides the stability of an
internal hex connection, while providing surgical treatment flexibility of both straight and
tapered implants, improved thread design, indexability, superior esthetics and ease of clinician
handling. The RENOVA system was commercially launched in June 2004.
The RESTORE® System is based on a classic threaded titanium implant design that
pioneered the commercialization of these devices in general dental surgery. In July 1993, the
Company acquired this implant design in connection with its acquisition of Implant Support Systems,
Inc. (ISS), a manufacturer of dental implant products. The Company has since enhanced and
expanded the original ISS line into a broad range of implant options. The Company now markets its
line of external hex implants, prosthetics and associated instrumentation under the RESTORE System
name.
The STAGE-1® Single Stage Implant System was designed by the Company to allow for a
one-stage surgical procedure. The STAGE-1 Implant design allows placement in a single surgical
procedure that reduces treatment time. The systems reliable Morse taper prosthetic connection
simplifies restorative procedures for the dentist. Commercial sales began in September 1999. In
March 2001, the Company added the RBM STAGE-1 Single Stage Implant System to this line.
The Quick-Cap® Impression System greatly improves the restorative dentists ease
and accuracy of impressioning for subsequent laboratory construction of the final crown, bridge or
denture. This system is available in both the PRIMA and STAGE-1® systems.
Lifecore has enhanced and expanded its product lines, creating numerous new products with a
combination of innovative features from its existing systems. This gives the Company a broad
product line which offers practitioners maximum flexibility in choice of treatment modalities and
several innovations that enhance ease-of-use by the clinician. Additionally, the Dental Division
assists its dental surgery clients by developing comprehensive continuing education curricula, as
provided in the Companys various Skills Series programs, to train restorative
7
clinicians and their auxiliary teams in the principles of tooth replacement therapy and practice
management. The Companys ICA program offers client personnel the marketing and selling skills
training to foster higher patient acceptance of dental implants. The Support Plus Overdentures
program teaches a step-by-step approach to obtain predictable and profitable results for attachment
retained overdenture implant restorations.
Bone Regeneration Products
The Company offers products that address various bone and tissue regeneration procedures.
CALMATRIX® Calcium Sulfate Bone Graft Binder and CALFORMA® Calcium
Sulfate Bone Graft Barrier received 510(k) clearance and were introduced to the market in fiscal
2005. The first generation of these regeneration products, CAPSET® Calcium Sulfate Bone
Graft Barrier, received 510(k) clearance and was introduced to the market in 1995. CAPSET SlowSet
Barrier was introduced in July 1999. These products are based on a proprietary medical grade
calcium sulfate technology developed by and licensed from Wright Medical Group, Inc., an orthopedic
product manufacturer based in Memphis, Tennessee. The products provide guided bone regeneration
containment barriers to prevent migration of bone graft materials used to fill oral bone defects.
TefGen® Regenerative Membrane technology was acquired by the Company from Bridger
Biomed, Inc. in May 1997. This non-resorbable membrane is based on nanoporous PTFE Biomaterials
(nPTFE) and is competitive with the markets leading product produced by W.L. Gore. A TefGen
Regenerative Membrane allows the dental surgeon to cover treated defects in bone to prevent the
invasion of unwanted soft tissue while the slower growing bone tissue underneath the membrane
regenerates.
Product Development
The Dental Division is also involved in product development activities to improve existing
components and packaging and to add new components to the dental implant systems. These
development activities enhance the suitability and ease-of-use of the products for specific
surgical applications and reflect changing trends in dental implant technology. There can be no
assurance, however, that products which are currently under development by the Company will be
successfully developed, or if so developed, will be successfully and profitably marketed.
Sales and Marketing
Hyaluronan Division Products
The Company generally markets and distributes its hyaluronan products to end-users through
corporate partners. The Company sells hyaluronan to these partners in a variety of forms, including
powders, gels and solutions packaged in bulk or single-application units. Sales to Alcon were 13%,
13% and 16% of total consolidated sales in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
The Company also sells various forms of medical grade hyaluronan directly to academic and
corporate research customers for development and evaluation of new applications.
Dental Division Products
The Company is focused on expanding its dental product line and developing increased sales and
marketing support. The dental implant market is highly specialized. Products are marketed to oral
surgeons, periodontists, implantologists, prosthodontists, general dental practitioners and dental
laboratories. Accordingly, management believes it must maintain a highly experienced direct sales
force in the United States for proper distribution of these products. The Company believes that
its sales force offers better customer service, technical support and regulatory control than could
be achieved through an independent distributor network in the United States. The Company employs a
dedicated sales force in the United States as well as U.S.-based international sales personnel.
The Dental Division products are marketed internationally in 49 countries through 28 distributors
and in Italy through the Companys subsidiary, Lifecore Biomedical SpA, in Germany through the
Companys subsidiary, Lifecore Biomedical GmbH, in France through the Companys subsidiary,
Lifecore Biomedical SAS, and in Scandinavia through the Companys subsidiary, Lifecore Biomedical
AB.
The Companys marketing activities are designed to support its direct domestic sales force and
its international business base, and include advertising and product publicity in trade journals,
direct mail, catalogs, newsletters, continuing education programs, telemarketing, and attendance at
trade shows and professional
8
association meetings. Industry estimates indicate a need for replacement of approximately 100
million teeth in the adult population of the United States. That represents a potential implants
and accessories market of approximately $20 billion compared to the actual current U.S. market size
of approximately $625 million.
Manufacturing
The commercial production of hyaluronan by the Company requires fermentation, separation and
purification capabilities, and aseptic packaging of product in a variety of bulk and single dose
configurations.
The Company produces its hyaluronan through a proprietary fermentation process. Until the
introduction of the Companys medical grade hyaluronan, the only commercial source for medical
hyaluronan was through a process of extraction from rooster combs. The Company believes that the
fermentation manufacturing approach is superior to rooster comb extraction because of greater
efficiency and flexibility, a more favorable long-term regulatory environment, and better economies
of scale in producing large commercial quantities.
The Companys 110,000 square foot facility is primarily used for the proprietary hyaluronan
manufacturing process, formulation and aseptic syringe and bulk filling. The Company believes that
the current inventory on-hand, together with its manufacturing capacity, will be sufficient to
allow it to meet the needs of its current customers for the foreseeable future.
The Company provides versatility in the manufacturing of various types of finished products.
Currently, the Company supplies several different forms of hyaluronan in a variety of molecular
weight fractions as powders, solutions and gels, and in a variety of bulk and single-use finished
packages. The Hyaluronan Division continues to conduct development work designed to improve
production efficiencies and expand the Companys capabilities to achieve a wider range of
hyaluronan product specifications in order to address the broadening opportunities for using
hyaluronan in medical applications.
The Companys facility was designed to meet applicable regulatory requirements and has been
cleared for the manufacture of both device and pharmaceutical products. The FDA periodically
inspects the Companys manufacturing systems and requires conformance to the FDAs Quality Systems
Regulations (QSR). In addition, the Companys corporate partners conduct intensive quality audits
of the facility. The Company also periodically contracts with independent regulatory consultants to
conduct audits of the Companys operations. The Company maintains a Quality System which assures
conformance to all applicable current standards (21 CFR820, 21 CFR210-211, ISO 13485:2003,
93/42/EEC, and Canadian Medical Device Regulation:1998). These approvals represent international
symbols of quality system assurance and compliance with applicable European Medical Device
Directives, which greatly assist in the marketing of the Companys products in the European Union.
The Company uses outside metal finishing vendors to produce its dental implant devices and
related components. The Company inspects vendors quality assurance and control functions and
performs its own finished packaging related to the implant product lines.
The Company purchases raw materials for its production of hyaluronan and calcium sulfate-based
products from outside vendors. While these materials are available from a variety of sources, the
Company principally uses limited sources for some of its key materials to better monitor quality
and achieve cost efficiencies. Wright Medical Group, Inc. exclusively supplies the key raw
material for the calcium sulfate-based products. The Company believes Wright Medical Group, Inc.
is able to provide adequate amounts of the raw materials and is under a supply agreement with the
Company through September 2009. The Company utilizes a supply agreement with Bridger Biomed, Inc.
to supply the TefGen® Regenerative Membrane product line.
Competition
The competitors of the Company include major chemical, dental, medical and pharmaceutical
companies, as well as smaller specialized firms. Many of these companies have significantly greater
financial, manufacturing, marketing and research and development resources than the Company.
9
Hyaluronan Products
A number of companies produce hyaluronan products and thus directly or indirectly compete with
Lifecore or its corporate partners. Several companies produce hyaluronan through a fermentation or
extraction process, including Seikagaku, Genzyme Corporation, Savient, Fidia SpA, Kyowa Hakko,
Kibun, Advanced Medical Optics, Bayer and others. The Company believes that its fermentation
process offers production and regulatory advantages over the traditional rooster comb extraction
method. The Companys competitors have filed or obtained patents covering aspects of fermentation
production or uses of hyaluronan. These patents may cover the same applications as the Companys
patents. See Patents and Proprietary Rights.
The Company believes that competition in the ophthalmic and medical grade hyaluronan market is
primarily based on product performance, manufacturing capacity and product development
capabilities. Future competition may be based on the existence of established supply relationships,
regulatory approvals, intellectual property and product price. After a manufacturer has taken a
product through the FDA marketing approval process, a change in suppliers can involve costs and
delays because supplemental FDA review may be required.
Dental Products
The dental implant market is also highly competitive. Major market competitors include Nobel
Biocare Holding AB Group, Straumann Holding AG, Biomet, Inc., Zimmer Dental, AstraZeneca PLC and
Dentsply International, Inc. A number of these competitors are established companies with dominant
market shares. The Company believes that competition in the dental implant market is based
primarily on product performance and quality, strong sales support and education.
The Company believes that its broad product line facilitates the conversion of competitive
implant users to a Lifecore system. In addition, the Company has developed several innovative
education and marketing support programs which are designed to increase the clients implant
business. The Company believes it has established a strong reputation for quality products due to
its stringent design and inspection criteria. No assurance can be given, however, that the Company
can effectively compete with other manufacturers of dental implant systems.
The market for the Companys tissue regeneration products is also competitive. The major
competitors include Biomet, Inc., Dentsply International, Inc., Geistlich, W. L. Gore (GORE-TEX),
Straumann Holding AG and Zimmer Dental. While the Company believes its product line and
experienced sales representation are an advantage in this area, no assurance can be given that it
can gain significant market share from its more established competitors.
Patents and Proprietary Rights
The Company pursues a policy of obtaining patent protection for patentable subject matter in
its proprietary technology. In May 1985, the Company received a U.S. patent covering certain
aspects of its hyaluronan fermentation process. The Company exclusively licensed patents and
patent applications from CCF covering certain hyaluronan cross-linking technologies. The Company
licenses two patents covering the dental surgical use of calcium sulfate from Wright Medical Group,
Inc. The Company also licenses patented technology used in the production of calcium sulfate from
Wright Medical Group, Inc. and the University of North Carolina. In conjunction with the purchase
of the TefGen® Regenerative Membrane product line, the Company obtained the rights to
the patent for composition, manufacture and use of the nPTFE material. The Company has received a
patent on its dental implant packaging and a patent on a self-tapping dental implant design.
The Company believes that patent protection is important to its business. However, if other
manufacturers were to infringe on its patents, there can be no assurance that the Company would be
successful in challenging, or would have adequate resources to challenge, such infringement. The
Company also relies upon trade secrets, proprietary know-how and continuing technological
innovation to develop and maintain its competitive position. There can be no assurance that others
will not obtain or independently develop technologies which are the same as or similar to the
Companys technologies. The Company pursues a policy of requiring employees, temporary staff,
consultants and customers (which have access to some of its proprietary information) to sign
confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to adequately
protect its proprietary technology through patents or other means.
The Company is aware that one or more of its competitors have obtained, or are attempting to
obtain, patents covering fermentation and other processes for producing hyaluronan. Other patents
have been, or may be, issued in the future in product areas of interest to the Company. Although
the Company is not aware of any claims
10
that its current or anticipated products infringe on patents held by others, no assurance can be
given that there will not be an infringement claim against the Company in the future. The costs of
any Company involvement in legal proceedings could be substantial, both in terms of legal costs and
the time spent by management of the Company in connection with such proceedings. It is also
possible that the Company may be required to obtain additional licenses to manufacture and market
some of its products which may require the payment of initial fees, minimum annual royalty fees and
ongoing royalties on net sales. There can be no assurance that the Company would be able to
license technology developed by others, on favorable terms or at all, that may be necessary for the
manufacture and marketing of its products.
Government Regulation
Government regulation in the United States and other countries is a significant factor in the
marketing of the Companys products and in the Companys ongoing research and development
activities. The Companys products are subject to extensive and rigorous regulation by the FDA,
which regulates the products as medical devices and which, in some cases, requires Pre-Market
Approval (PMA), and by foreign countries, which regulate the products as medical devices or
drugs. Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDC Act), the FDA regulates the clinical
testing, manufacturing, labeling, distribution, sale and promotion of medical devices in the United
States.
Following the enactment of the Medical Device Amendments of 1976 to the FDC Act, the FDA
classified medical devices in commercial distribution at the time of enactment (pre-Amendment
devices) into one of three classes Class I, II or III. This classification is based on the
controls necessary to reasonably assure the safety and effectiveness of medical devices. Class I
devices are those whose safety and effectiveness can reasonably be assured through general
controls, such as establishment registration and labeling, and adherence to FDA-mandated current
QSR requirements for devices. Most Class I devices are exempt from FDA premarket review, but some
require premarket notification (510(k) Notification). Class II devices are those whose safety
and effectiveness can reasonably be assured through the use of special controls, such as
performance standards, postmarket surveillance, patient registries and FDA guidelines. Class III
devices are devices that require a PMA from the FDA to assure their safety and effectiveness. A
PMA ordinarily must contain data from a multi-center clinical study demonstrating the devices
safety and effectiveness for the intended use and patient population. Class III devices are
generally life-sustaining, life-supporting or implantable devices, and also include most devices
that were not on the market before May 28, 1976 (new devices) and for which the FDA has not made
a finding of substantial equivalence based upon a 510(k) Notification. A pre-Amendment Class III
device does not require a PMA unless and until the FDA issues a regulation requiring submission of
a PMA application for the device.
The FDA requires clinical data for a PMA application and has the authority to require such
data for a 510(k) Notification. If clinical data are necessary, the company that sponsors the
study must follow the FDAs Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) regulations governing the
conduct of human studies. The FDAs regulations require institutional review board approval of the
study and the informed consent of the study subjects. In addition, for a significant risk
device, the FDA must approve an IDE application before the study can begin. Nonsignificant risk
devices do not require FDA approval of an IDE application, and are conducted under the abbreviated
IDE requirements. Once in effect, an IDE or abbreviated IDE permits evaluation of devices under
controlled clinical conditions. After a clinical evaluation process, the resulting data may be
included in a PMA application or a 510(k) Notification. The PMA may be approved or the 510(k)
Notification may be cleared by the FDA only after a review process that may include FDA requests
for additional data, sometimes requiring further studies.
If a manufacturer or distributor of medical devices can establish to the FDAs satisfaction
through a 510(k) Notification that a new device is substantially equivalent to what is called a
predicate device, i.e., a legally marketed Class I or Class II medical device or a legally
marketed pre-Amendment Class III device for which the FDA has not required a PMA, the manufacturer
or distributor may market the new device. In the 510(k) Notification, a manufacturer or
distributor makes a claim of substantial equivalence, which the FDA may require to be supported by
various types of information, including data from clinical studies, showing that the new device is
as safe and effective for its intended use as the predicate device.
Following submission of the 510(k) Notification, the manufacturer or distributor may not place
the new device into commercial distribution until the FDA issues a substantial equivalence
determination finding the new device to be substantially equivalent to a predicate device. The FDA
has a 90 day period in which to respond to a 510(k) Notification (Traditional or Abbreviated
510(k); 30 days for a Special 510(k)). Depending on the specific submission and subsequent agency
information requests, the 510(k) Notification process can take significantly
11
longer to complete. The FDA may agree with the manufacturer or distributor that the new device is
substantially equivalent to a predicate device and allow the new device to be marketed in the
United States. The FDA may, however, determine that the new device is not substantially equivalent
and require the manufacturer or distributor to submit a PMA or require further information, such as
additional test data, including data from clinical studies, before it is able to make a
determination regarding substantial equivalence. Although the PMA process is significantly more
complex, time-consuming and expensive than the 510(k) Notification process, the latter process can
also be expensive and substantially delay the market introduction of a product. Modifications to a
device that is marketed under a 510(k) Notification might require submission of a new 510(k) prior
to their implementation, although some modifications can be made through a note to file procedure
described in FDA guidance.
For devices that cannot be found substantially equivalent to a predicate device, the
manufacturer must submit a PMA application, petition for reclassification, or submit a PMA
application via the de novo process. A PMA must contain information on the materials and
manufacturing process for the device, results of preclinical testing, clinical data, and labeling
for the device. The FDA has 180 days to review a PMA application, but may request additional
information, which could include additional studies. The FDA might refer a PMA to an advisory
committee of outside experts to review and make recommendation on whether a device should be
approved. After considering the data in the PMA application and the recommendations of an advisory
committee, the FDA can approve the device, approve the device with conditions or refuse approval.
Devices approved by the FDA are subject to periodic reporting requirements, and may be subject to
restrictions on sale, distribution or use.
Hyaluronan products are generally Class III devices. In cases where the Company is supplying
hyaluronan to a corporate partner as a raw material or producing a finished product under a license
for the partner, the corporate partner will be responsible for obtaining the appropriate FDA
clearance or approval. Export of the Companys hyaluronan products generally requires approval of
the importing country and compliance with the export provisions of the FDC Act. The Companys
Dental products are Class I and Class II devices.
Other regulatory requirements are placed on the manufacture, processing, packaging, labeling,
distribution, recordkeeping and reporting of a medical device and on the quality control
procedures, such as the FDAs device QSR regulations. Manufacturing facilities are subject to
periodic inspections by the FDA to assure compliance with device QSR requirements. The Companys
facility is subject to inspections as both a device and a drug manufacturing operation. For PMA
devices, the Company is required to submit an annual report and to obtain approval of a PMA
supplement for modifications to the device or its labeling. Other applicable FDA requirements
include the medical device reporting (MDR) regulation, which requires that the Company provide
information to the FDA regarding deaths or serious injuries alleged to have been associated with
the use of its devices, as well as product malfunctions that would likely cause or contribute to
death or serious injury if the malfunction were to recur. The FDA also requires reporting
regarding notices of correction and the removal of a medical device.
If the Company is not in compliance with FDA requirements, the FDA or the federal government
can order a recall, detain the Companys devices, refuse to grant 510(k) Notification clearances or
PMA approvals, withdraw or limit product approvals, institute proceedings to seize the Companys
devices, seek injunctions to control or prohibit marketing and sales of the Companys devices,
assess civil money penalties and impose criminal sanctions against the Company, its officers or its
employees.
There can be no assurance that any of the Companys clinical studies will show safety or
effectiveness; that 510(k) Notifications or PMA applications or supplemental applications will be
submitted or, if submitted, accepted for filing; that any of the Companys products that require
clearance of a 510(k) Notification or approval of a PMA application or PMA supplement will obtain
such clearance or approval on a timely basis, on terms acceptable to the Company for the purpose of
actually marketing the products, or at all; or that following any such clearance or approval
previously unknown problems will not result in restrictions on the marketing of the products or
withdrawal of clearance or approval.
Product Liability
Product liability claims may be asserted with respect to the Companys products. In addition,
the Company may be subject to product liability claims for the products of its customers that
incorporate Lifecores materials. The Company maintains product liability insurance coverage in
amounts the Company deems to be adequate. Lifecore Biomedical SpA and Lifecore GmbH also carry
product liability insurance. There can be no assurance that the Company will have sufficient
resources to satisfy product claims if they exceed available insurance coverage.
12
Seasonality
The Companys business is seasonal in nature. Historically, sales in the Dental Division are
lower in the first quarter than the rest of the year as a result of European holidays during the
summer months.
Employees
As of August 22, 2007 the Company employed 241 persons on a full-time basis, 14 part-time
employees and 4 temporary employees. None of the Companys employees is represented by a labor
organization, and the Company has never experienced a work stoppage or interruption due to labor
disputes. Management believes its relations with employees are good.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
The following sets forth the names of the executive officers of Lifecore, in addition to
information about their positions with Lifecore, their periods of service in such capacities, and
their business experience for at least the past five years. There are no family relationships
among them. All executive officers listed were appointed by the Board of Directors for a term of
office from the time of appointment until the next annual meeting of directors (held in conjunction
with the annual meeting of shareholders) and until their respective successors are elected and have
qualified.
Dennis J. Allingham. Mr. Allingham, 56 years old, was appointed President and Chief Executive
Officer and to the Board of Directors in February 2004. Mr. Allingham previously served as
Executive Vice President of the Company from November 1997 to February 2004. He served as Chief
Financial Officer of the Company from January 1996 to March 2004. Mr. Allingham also served as
General Manager of the Hyaluronan Division from November 1996 to February 2004 and General Manager
of the Dental Division from November 1997 to February 2004.
James G. Hall. Mr. Hall, 44 years old, was appointed Vice President of Technical Operations
in July 2006. Mr. Hall served as the Companys Director of Manufacturing Operations and
Engineering from 2001 to July 2006; prior to that he was the Manager of Engineering and Operations
at Lifecore. Mr. Hall has over 17 years of drug and device manufacturing experience and was with
Protein Design Labs, a biomaterials company, prior to joining Lifecore.
Larry D. Hiebert. Mr. Hiebert, 52 years old, was appointed Vice President and General Manager
of the Hyaluronan Division in July 2006. Mr. Hiebert served as Vice President of Operations from
March 2004 to July 2006, Director of Operations from 1997 to March 2004 and held various
manufacturing and materials management positions within the Company from 1983 to March 2004.
David M. Noel. Mr. Noel, 50 years old, was appointed Vice President of Finance and Chief
Financial Officer in March 2004. Mr. Noel, a Certified Public Accountant, joined the Company as
Controller in February 2002 and served in such position until March 2004. From 1996 to 2001, Mr.
Noel was Controller of Nilfisk-Advance, Inc., a manufacturer of floor maintenance equipment.
Kipling Thacker, Ph.D. Dr. Thacker, 52 years old, was appointed Vice President of New
Business Development in November 2004. Dr. Thacker served as Director of New Business Development
from 2000 to November 2004 and is the co-inventor of the hyaluronan fermentation and manufacturing
process. He held various research and business development positions at the Company from 1981 to
2004.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The Companys business faces many risks. Any of the risks discussed below, or elsewhere in
this Form 10-K or the Companys other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, could
have a material impact on the Companys business, financial condition or results of operations.
Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to the Company or that the Company currently
believes to be immaterial may also impair the Companys business operations.
13
The Companys business could be adversely affected if it is not able to successfully compete
against competitors in the human health care products industry.
Competitors of the Hyaluronan and Dental Divisions in the United States and elsewhere are
numerous and include major chemical, dental, medical, and pharmaceutical companies, as well as
smaller specialized firms. Many of these competitors have substantially greater capital resources,
marketing experience, and research and development resources than the Company. These companies may
succeed in developing products that are more effective than any that have been or may be developed
by Lifecore and may also prove to be more successful than Lifecore in producing and marketing these
products. In addition, the Dental Division is competing against a number of large established
competitors. In order to increase sales, the Dental Division may need to gain market share from
its competitors. There can be no assurance that Lifecore will be able to continue to compete
successfully against these competitors.
Several companies produce hyaluronan through a fermentation or extraction process, including
Seikagaku, Genzyme Corporation, Savient, Fidia SpA, Kyowa Hakko, Kibun, Advanced Medical Optics,
Bayer and others. In addition, several companies manufacture hyaluronan by using rooster comb
extraction methods. These companies primarily include Anika Therapeutics, Inc., Genzyme
Corporation, Fidia SpA, AMO, Seikagaku and others. The Companys competitors have filed or
obtained patents covering aspects of fermentation production or uses of hyaluronan. These patents
may cover the same applications as the Companys applications. Although the Company believes that
it does not infringe the patents of its competitors, there can be no assurance that the Company
will not receive claims of infringement from third parties.
In addition, negative announcements regarding any competitors products may have a negative
impact on the publics perception of the market potential for all similar products, including the
Companys products. There can be no assurance that product introductions by present or future
competitors or future technological or health care innovations will not render Lifecores products
and processes obsolete.
If Lifecore is unable to successfully protect its proprietary technology or if it is unable to
maintain a competitive technological position in its product areas, its business could be adversely
affected.
While certain of Lifecores patents have been allowed or issued, there can be no assurance
that, to the extent issued, the Companys patents will effectively protect its proprietary
technology. If other manufacturers were to infringe on its patents, there can be no assurance that
the Company would be successful in challenging, or would have adequate resources to challenge, such
infringement. Lifecore also relies upon trade secrets, proprietary know-how and continuing
technological innovation to develop and maintain its competitive position. There can be no
assurance that others will not independently develop such know-how or otherwise obtain access to
the Companys technology. While Lifecores employees, temporary staff, consultants and corporate
partners with access to proprietary information are required to enter into confidentiality
agreements, there can be no assurance that these agreements will provide the Company with adequate
protection from loss of proprietary technology or know-how.
Under current law, patent applications in the United States are maintained in secrecy until
patents are issued, and patent applications in foreign countries are maintained in secrecy for a
period after filing. The right to a device patent in the United States is attributable to the
first to invent the device, not the first to file a patent application. Accordingly, the Company
cannot be sure that its products or technologies do not infringe patents that may be granted in the
future pursuant to pending patent applications. The Company has not received any notices alleging,
and is not aware of any infringement by the Company of any other entitys patents relating to the
Companys current or anticipated products. There can be no assurance, however, that its products
do not infringe any patents or proprietary rights of third parties. In the event that any relevant
claims of third-party patents are upheld as valid and enforceable, the Company could be prevented
from selling its products or could be required to obtain licenses from the owners of such patents
or be required to redesign its products or processes to avoid infringement. There can be no
assurance that such licenses would be available or, if available, would be on terms acceptable to
the Company or that the Company would be successful in any attempt to redesign its products or
processes to avoid infringement. The Companys failure to obtain these licenses or to redesign its
products or processes would have a material adverse effect on the Companys business, financial
condition, and results of operations.
The Companys business could be adversely affected if it is unable to obtain regulatory approval
for new product introductions or to expand sales of existing products into new markets.
The Companys products under development are considered to be medical devices and, therefore,
require clearance or approval by the FDA before commercial sales can be made in the United States.
The products also
14
require the approval of foreign government agencies before sales may be made in many other
countries. The process of obtaining these clearances or approvals varies according to the nature
and use of the product. It can involve lengthy and detailed laboratory and clinical testing,
sampling activities and other costly and time-consuming procedures. There can be no assurance that
any of the required clearances or approvals will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.
In addition, most of the existing products being sold by the Company and its customers are
subject to continued regulation by the FDA, various state agencies and foreign regulatory agencies
which regulate manufacturing, labeling and record keeping procedures for such products. Marketing
clearances or approvals by these agencies can be withdrawn due to failure to comply with regulatory
standards or the occurrence of unforeseen problems following initial clearance or approval. These
agencies can also limit or prevent the manufacture or distribution of the Companys products. A
determination that the Company is in violation of such regulations could lead to the imposition of
civil penalties, including fines, product recalls or product seizures, injunctions, and, in extreme
cases, criminal sanctions.
The Company is exposed to the risks of operating a global business, including risks associated with
exchange rate fluctuations, legal and regulatory changes and the impact of regional and global
economic disruptions, which could have an adverse effect on the Companys business.
International shipments accounted for 50% of net sales in fiscal 2007. We expect that
international shipments will continue to represent a significant percentage of net sales in the
future. Our non-U.S. sales, purchases and operations are subject to risks inherent in conducting
business abroad, many of which are outside our control, including the following:
| | Periodic local or geographic economic downturns and unstable political conditions; | ||
| | Price and currency exchange controls; | ||
| | Fluctuation in the relative values of currencies; | ||
| | Difficulties protecting intellectual property; | ||
| | Local labor disputes; | ||
| | Shipping delays and disruptions; | ||
| | Increases in shipping costs, caused by increased fuel costs or otherwise, which we may not be able to pass on to our customers; | ||
| | Unexpected changes in trading policies, regulatory requirements, tariffs and other barriers; and | ||
| | Difficulties in managing a global enterprise, including staffing, collecting accounts receivable, managing suppliers, distributors and representatives, and repatriation of earnings. |
Our business and operating results are subject to uncertainties arising out of the possibility
of regional or global economic disruptions (including those resulting from natural disasters and
outbreaks of infectious disease), the economic consequences of military action or terrorist
activities and associated political instability, and the impact of heightened security concerns on
domestic and international travel and commerce. In particular, due to these uncertainties we are
subject to:
| | The risk of more frequent instances of shipping delays; and | ||
| | The risk that demand for our products may not increase or may decrease. |
The development of new hyaluronan products entails substantial risk of failure and uncertainty
related to timing, and a significant amount of the Companys anticipated growth is dependent on its
ability to develop, manufacture and market new product applications for hyaluronan.
A significant amount of the Companys anticipated growth is dependent on its ability to
develop, manufacture and market new product applications for hyaluronan. Such formulations must be
developed, tested and, in most cases, approved for use by appropriate government agencies. Once
approved as products, they must be manufactured in commercial quantities and marketed successfully.
Each of these steps involves significant amounts of time and expense. There can be no assurance
that any of these products, if and when fully developed and tested,
15
will perform in accordance with the Companys expectations, that necessary regulatory approvals
will be obtained in a timely manner, if at all, or that these products can be successfully and
profitably produced and marketed.
The Company is dependent on the marketing and development support from corporate partners for the
sales growth of the Hyaluronan Division, and the Companys business could be adversely affected if
the Companys strategic alliances fail to develop or market products as planned.
The Company has historically developed, manufactured and marketed its Hyaluronan Division
products through long-term strategic alliances with corporate partners. In the case of such
relationships, the speed and other aspects of the development project are sometimes outside of the
Companys control as the other party to the relationship often has priorities that differ from
those of the Company. Thus, the timing of commercialization of the Companys products under
development may be subject to unanticipated delays.
Further, the Company currently has limited direct sales capabilities in the Hyaluronan
Division and generally relies upon its corporate partners for marketing and distribution to
end-users. The market success of the Companys hyaluronan products generally will depend upon the
size and skill of the marketing organizations of the Companys corporate partners, as well as the
level of priority assigned to the marketing of the Companys products by these entities, which may
differ from the Companys priorities. Should one or more of the Companys strategic alliances fail
to develop or market products as planned, the Companys business may be adversely affected. No
assurance can be given that the Company will be able to negotiate acceptable strategic alliances in
the future or that current strategic alliances will continue.
The development contracts into which the Company enters with corporate partners are long-term
agreements that are subject to development milestones, product specifications and other terms.
Consequently, future agreement often is required regarding the course and nature of continued
development activities. Contractual issues requiring resolution between the parties have arisen in
the past and are expected to arise in the ordinary course of the Companys future development
activities. There can be no assurance that all such issues will be successfully resolved.
If the Company is unable to scale up manufacturing operations in the event of a significant
increase in customer demand, the Companys business could be adversely affected.
The Company has designed its modular facility to permit the production of hyaluronan at levels
exceeding current levels of production. However, in the event of a sudden significant increase in
demand for any of the Companys hyaluronan products, the Company will be required to scale-up
operations, including the acquisition and validation of additional equipment and training of
additional personnel. No assurance can be given that the Company will be able to adequately meet
any such demands on a timely basis.
An interruption in the Companys manufacturing activities could adversely affect the Companys
relations with its customers.
The Companys manufacturing requires extensive specialized equipment. In addition, the
Company manufactures its hyaluronan products at one facility. Although the Company has contingency
plans in effect for certain natural disasters, as well as other unforeseen events that could damage
the Companys facilities or equipment, no assurance can be given that any such events will not
materially interrupt the Companys business. In the event of such an occurrence, the Company has
business interruption insurance to cover lost revenues and profits. However, such insurance would
not compensate the Company for the loss of opportunity and potential adverse impact on relations
with existing customers created by an inability to produce its products.
The markets for the Companys dental products are very competitive, and the Companys results
of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected if it cannot maintain or increase
the market share of these products.
The Dental Division markets its products through a direct sales force and a distribution
network. Continued growth of the Companys revenues from dental products will depend on the
ability of this sales and distribution network to increase the Companys market share by convincing
practitioners to use the Companys products over competing established products. No assurance can
be given that the sales and distribution network will be successful in increasing or maintaining
the Companys market share or sales levels. Failure to maintain and increase the market share of
these products would adversely affect the Companys results of operations and financial condition.
16
The Company may be subject to product liability claims and other legal proceedings which could
have a material adverse effect on the Companys business, financial condition and results of
operations.
The manufacture and sale of the Companys products entails a risk of product liability claims.
In addition to product liability exposure for its own products, the Company may be subject to
claims for products of its customers which incorporate Lifecores materials. The Company maintains
product liability insurance coverage in amounts it deems adequate. However, there can be no
assurance that the Company will have sufficient resources if claims exceed available insurance
coverage. In addition, other types of claims may arise that are not covered by such insurance.
Lifecore was named as a defendant in 81 product liability lawsuits, all of which alleged that
the plaintiffs suffered injuries due to the defective nature of INTERGEL Solution manufactured by
Lifecore and marketed by ETHICON. On September 20, 2006, settlement documents relating to all but
one of the lawsuits remaining at that date were executed on behalf of the parties. The terms of
the settlement do not call for any cash payment by the Company. Since the execution of the
settlement documents, Lifecore has been sued in two additional lawsuits, one filed in Nebraska and
one in Colorado, and the one remaining lawsuit from the original 81 has been settled. Although the
vast majority of the INTERGEL Solution claims have been resolved, there can be no assurance that
other related claims will not arise. In addition, on September 25, 2006, Vital Pharma, Inc.
(Vital Pharma) and its insurer, Noetic Specialty Insurance Company (Noetic), sued the Company
and its insurer, Federal Insurance Company, for failing to fully defend and indemnify Vital Pharma
in the INTERGEL Solution lawsuits. It is the Companys understanding that Federal Insurance
Company has paid Vital Pharma what Federal believes is the reasonable portion of the legal fees and
expenses submitted to it for reimbursement. Vital Pharma and Noetic are seeking reimbursement of
all of the legal fees and expenses incurred in the INTERGEL Solution litigation. The Company
believes that Vital Pharmas and Noetics claims have no merit, however there is no assurance that
this will be the outcome.
There can be no assurance that these pending claims, other new product liability claims,
claims with respect to uninsured liabilities or claims in excess of insured liabilities, will not
have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations of
the Company. In addition, there can be no assurance that insurance will continue to be available
to the Company and that, if available, the insurance will be available on commercially acceptable
terms.
Failure to maintain effective internal controls could have a material adverse effect on the
Companys business, operating results and stock price.
In connection with our fiscal 2007 audit, we documented and tested our internal control
procedures in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which
requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial
reporting and a report by our independent registered public accounting firm addressing these
assessments. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, we may not be able to
ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal controls over
financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Moreover, effective
internal controls, particularly those related to revenue recognition, are necessary for us to
produce reliable financial reports and are important to prevent financial fraud. If we cannot
provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our business and operating results could be
harmed, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information and the trading price
of our stock could drop significantly.
The Companys tax rates are subject to fluctuation, which could impact its financial position, and
its estimates of tax liabilities may be subject to audit, which could result in additional
assessments.
Our effective tax rates are subject to fluctuation as the income tax rates for each year are a
function of: (a) the effects of a mix of profits (losses) earned by Lifecore and its subsidiaries
in numerous tax jurisdictions with a broad range of income tax rates, (b) our ability to utilize
recorded deferred tax assets, and (c) changes in tax laws or the interpretation of such tax laws.
Changes in the mix of these items may cause our effective tax rates to fluctuate between periods,
which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position.
We are subject to income taxes in both the United States and foreign jurisdictions. During the
ordinary course of business there are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax
determination is uncertain. Significant judgment is exercised in determining our world wide
provisions for income taxes.
17
The Companys business could be adversely affected if it were to lose the services of its key
management employees.
The Companys success depends in large part upon the services of its executive officers. The
executive officers consist of Dennis J. Allingham, President and Chief Executive Officer; David M.
Noel, Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer; Larry Hiebert, Vice President and
General Manager of the Hyaluronan Division; James G. Hall, Vice President of Technical Operations;
and Kipling Thacker, Ph.D., Vice President of New Business Development. The loss of any one of
these individuals may have a material adverse effect on the Companys business and operations. The
Company does not have employment agreements with, or life insurance on, its officers.
Market prices for securities of medical technology companies are highly volatile, and the trading
price of the Companys Common Stock is subject to significant fluctuations.
Market prices in the United States for securities of medical technology companies can be
highly volatile, and the trading price of the Companys Common Stock could be subject to
significant fluctuations in response to quarterly variations in operating results, announcements of
the status or results of development projects or technological innovations by the Company or its
competitors, government regulation and other events or factors. The volatility in market prices
may be unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations
have in the past materially adversely affected the market price of the Companys Common Stock, and
may have such an effect in the future.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
The Companys operations are all conducted in its 110,000 square foot building in Chaska,
Minnesota, which is owned by the Company and subject to a Mortgage and Security Agreement. The
Company completed an expansion of its facility during fiscal 1998. The Company leases local office
space for its four foreign subsidiaries.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The Company has been named as a defendant in 81 product liability lawsuits. The lawsuits
alleged that the plaintiffs suffered injuries due to the defective nature of GYNECARE INTERGEL
Adhesion Prevention Solution (INTERGEL Solution) which was manufactured by the Company and
marketed by ETHICON, Inc. (ETHICON). The other defendants in these lawsuits were ETHICON, which
was the Companys exclusive worldwide marketing partner for INTERGEL Solution through its division,
GYNECARE Worldwide, and Johnson & Johnson, the parent company of ETHICON. Many of the lawsuits also
named Vital Pharma, Inc. (Vital Pharma) as a defendant; Vital Pharma acted as the contract
packager for the INTERGEL Solution. The plaintiffs in these actions were individuals who were
patients in medical procedures during which INTERGEL Solution was used and who were allegedly
injured due to the defective nature of INTERGEL Solution.
On September 20, 2006, settlement documents relating to all but one of the lawsuits remaining
at that date were executed on behalf of the parties. The terms of the settlement do not call for
any cash payment by the Company. Since the execution of the settlement documents, Lifecore has been
sued in two additional lawsuits, one filed in Nebraska and one in Colorado, and the one remaining
lawsuit from the original 81 has been settled. As of this date, there are two cases remaining:
Brandy R. Kreifel and Tammy Lynder v. Gynecare, Inc., Ethicon, Inc., Lifecore Biomedical, Inc.
and Johnson & Johnson Company in the District Court of Lancaster County, Nebraska, and
Margaret S. Madden v. Gynecare Worldwide, et al. in U.S. District Court, District of
Colorado. Although the vast majority of the INTERGEL Solution claims have been resolved, there can
be no assurance that other related claims will not arise.
ETHICON defended the Company in all of these lawsuits and is defending the Company in the two
remaining lawsuits. Under the terms of the Companys Conveyance, License, Development and Supply
Agreement dated August 8, 1994 with ETHICON, ETHICON is obligated to indemnify and hold the Company
harmless from all claims related to the sale and use of INTERGEL Solution, unless it is ultimately
determined that a plaintiffs injuries were caused by a breach of the Companys limited contractual
warranty to ETHICON under that agreement.
18
The Company believes that ETHICON will be obligated to fully indemnify the Company in
connection with any remaining claims relating to INTERGEL Solution sold prior to its voluntary
market withdrawal in March 2003.
On September 25, 2006, Vital Pharma and its insurer, Noetic Specialty Insurance Company
(Noetic), sued the Company and its insurer, Federal Insurance Company, in Palm Beach County,
Florida. Federal Insurance Company has removed the case to federal court and the Company has filed
an answer denying the claims. Vital Pharma and Noetic contend that the Company has breached the
terms of the Supply Agreement between the Company and Vital Pharma by failing to fully defend and
indemnify Vital Pharma in the INTERGEL Solution lawsuits. Vital Pharma and Noetic are seeking
reimbursement of legal fees and expenses incurred in the INTERGEL Solution litigation, and a
declaration that the Company and Federal Insurance Company are obligated to fully indemnify and
hold Vital Pharma harmless with respect to the INTERGEL Solution litigation.
The Company believes that Vital Pharmas and Noetics claims have no merit. The Company
complied with its obligations under the Supply Agreement. The Company agreed to pay for the costs
of Vital Pharmas defense, subject to a reservation of rights. It is the Companys understanding
that Federal Insurance Company has paid Vital Pharma what Federal believes is the reasonable
portion of the legal fees and expenses submitted to it for reimbursement. Although Vital Pharma
did complain, during the course of the INTERGEL Solution litigation, that Federal Insurance Company
did not pay all of the costs and expenses incurred, Vital Pharma did not provide any basis to
challenge the amounts not paid by Federal Insurance Company pursuant to Federal Insurance Companys
bill auditing process. The Company has tendered the defense of this matter to Federal Insurance
Company. Federal Insurance Company has agreed, subject to a reservation of rights, to defend the
Company. Federal Insurance Company has also agreed to pay any verdict or settlement except to the
extent that Vital Pharma is allowed to recover under the Supply Agreement amounts that are deemed
unreasonable under Federals policy.
ETHICON began marketing INTERGEL Solution outside the United States in June 1998 for reducing
the incidence of post-surgical adhesions. INTERGEL Solution was approved by the FDA for the U.S.
market in November 2001. INTERGEL Solution was voluntarily withdrawn from the market by ETHICON in
March 2003 in order to assess information obtained from postmarketing experience with the product,
including allegations of adverse events associated with off-label use in non-conservative surgical
procedures (such as hysterectomies).
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
None.
19
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of
Equity Securities
The Companys Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol LCBM. The
following table sets forth for each quarter of fiscal 2007 and 2006 the range of high and low
closing sale prices of the Common Stock on the NASDAQ Global Market.
| Low | High | |||||||
Fiscal year |
||||||||
2007 |
||||||||
First Quarter |
$ | 13.32 | $ | 17.19 | ||||
Second Quarter |
14.01 | 17.83 | ||||||
Third Quarter |
16.18 | 18.99 | ||||||
Fourth Quarter |
15.79 | 19.75 | ||||||
2006 |
||||||||
First Quarter |
10.60 | 13.97 | ||||||
Second Quarter |
11.65 | 16.51 | ||||||
Third Quarter |
11.36 | 15.99 | ||||||
Fourth Quarter |
11.69 | 16.16 | ||||||