As of December 31, 2006, we owned interests in, operated or were developing 197 multifamily
properties comprising 67,631 apartment homes located in 13 states. We had 3,788 apartment homes
under development at 11 of our multifamily properties, including 1,069 apartment homes at three
multifamily properties owned through joint ventures, 26 apartment homes at one operating property,
and several sites we intend to develop into multifamily apartment communities. Additionally, three
properties comprised of 930 apartment homes were designated as held for sale.
Operating Strategy
We believe producing consistent earnings growth through property operations, development and acquisitions,
achieving market balance and recycling capital are crucial factors to our success. We rely heavily
on our sophisticated property management capabilities and innovative operating strategies to
produce consistent earnings growth.
Real Estate Investments and Market Balance. We believe we are well positioned in our current
markets and have the expertise to take advantage of both development and acquisition opportunities
in new markets which have healthy long-term fundamentals and strong growth projections. These
capabilities, combined with what we believe is a conservative financial structure, allow us to
concentrate our growth efforts towards selective development and acquisition opportunities to
achieve our strategy of having a geographically and physically diverse portfolio of assets that
meet the requirements of our residents. We typically make physical improvements at our acquired
properties, such as new or enhanced landscaping design, new or upgraded amenities and redesigned
building structures, which, coupled with a strong focus on property management, branding and
marketing, have resulted in attractive yields on acquired properties.
We continue to operate in our core markets in which we believe we have an advantage due to economies of
scale. We feel where possible, it is best to operate with a strong base of properties in order to
benefit from the personnel allocation and the market strength associated with managing several
properties in the same market. However, in order to generate consistent earnings growth, we intend
to selectively dispose of properties and redeploy capital if we determine a property cannot meet
long term earnings growth expectations.
We have recently expanded our development pipeline significantly, and we expect selective
development of new apartment properties will continue to be important to the growth of our
portfolio for the next several years. We use experienced on-site construction superintendents,
operating under the supervision of project managers and senior management, to control the
construction process. Risks inherent to developing real estate include zoning changes,
environmental matters and changes in economic conditions during the development process. See the
further discussion of risks associated with development and construction in our Risk Factors
section.
Sophisticated Property Management. We believe the depth of our organization enables us to
deliver quality services, promote resident satisfaction and improve resident retention, thereby
reducing operating expenses. We manage our properties utilizing a staff of professionals and
support personnel, including certified property managers, experienced apartment managers and
leasing agents, and trained apartment maintenance technicians. Our on-site personnel are trained to
deliver high quality services to their residents. We attempt to motivate our on-site employees
through incentive compensation arrangements based upon operational results produced at their
property, rental rate increases and the level of lease renewals achieved.
Operations. We believe an intense focus on operations is necessary to realize consistent,
sustained earnings growth. Ensuring resident satisfaction, increasing rents as market conditions
allow, maximizing rent collections, maintaining property occupancy at optimal levels and
controlling operating costs comprise our principal strategies to maximize property net operating
income. During 2005, we completed the roll out of our web-based property management and revenue
management systems. These two systems have improved on-site operations and were a contributing
factor in allowing us to increase rental rates substantially during a period of strong recovery in
the United States economy. Lease terms are generally staggered based on vacancy exposure by
apartment type so lease expirations are matched to each propertys seasonal rental patterns. We
generally offer leases ranging from six to thirteen months, with individual property marketing
plans structured to respond to local market conditions. In addition, we conduct ongoing customer
service surveys to ensure timely response to residents changing needs and a high level of
satisfaction.
Competition
There are numerous housing alternatives which compete with our properties in attracting
residents. Our properties compete directly with other multifamily properties as well as
condominiums and single family homes which are available for rent or purchase in the markets in
which our properties are located. This competitive environment could have a material adverse
effect on our ability to lease apartment homes at our present properties or any newly developed or
acquired property, as well as on the rents charged.
Employees
At December 31, 2006, we had approximately 1,920 employees, including executive,
administrative and community personnel.
Qualification as a Real Estate Investment Trust
As of December 31, 2006, we met the qualification of a REIT under Sections 856-860 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). As a result, we, with the exception of our
taxable REIT subsidiaries, will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent we meet certain
requirements of the Code.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the other information contained in this Form 10-K, the following risk factors
should be considered carefully in evaluating our business. Our business, financial condition, or
results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. Please note
additional risks not presently known to us or which we currently consider immaterial may also
impair our business and operations.
Insufficient cash flows could limit our ability to make required payments for debt obligations or
pay distributions to shareholders and create refinancing risk.
Substantially all of our income is derived from rental income from our multifamily
communities. As a result, our performance depends on our ability to collect rent from residents
which could be negatively affected by a number of factors, including the following:
delay in resident lease commencements;
decline in occupancy;
failure of residents to make rental payments when due;
the attractiveness of our properties to residents and potential residents;
our ability to adequately manage and maintain our properties;
competition from other available apartments and housing alternatives; and
changes in market rents.
Cash flow could be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest with
respect to debt financing. We are required to distribute annual dividends equal to a minimum of
90% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regards to the dividends paid deduction and our
net capital gain, in order for us to continue to qualify as a REIT; this requirement limits the
cash flow available to meet required principal and interest payments on our debt. We may need to
refinance all or a portion of our outstanding debt as it matures. We may not be able to refinance
existing debt or a refinancing may not occur on favorable terms, either of which may have a
material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Unfavorable changes in economic conditions could adversely impact occupancy or rental rates.
Economic conditions may significantly affect apartment home occupancy or rental rates.
Occupancy and rental rates in the markets in which we operate, in turn, may have a material adverse
impact on our cash flows and operating results. The risks that may affect conditions in these
markets include the following:
changes in the national, regional and local economic climates;
local conditions, such as an oversupply of apartments or a reduction in demand for
apartments in the area;
a future economic downturn which simultaneously effects more than one of our
geographical markets; and
increased operating costs, if these costs cannot be passed through to residents.
National, regional and local economic climates may be adversely affected should population or
job growth slow. To the extent either of these conditions occurs in the markets in which we
operate, market rents will likely be affected. We could also face challenges adequately managing
and maintaining our properties should we experience increased operating costs. As a result, we may
experience a loss of rental revenues, which may adversely affect our results of operations and our
ability to satisfy our financial obligations and to pay distributions to shareholders.
Various changes could adversely impact the market price of our common shares.
The market price of our publicly traded common shares depends on various conditions. The
risks that may affect this market price include the following:
investor interest in our property portfolio;
the reputation and performance of REITs;
the attractiveness of REITs as compared to other investment vehicles;
the results of our financial condition and operations;
the perception of our growth and earnings potential;
dividend payment rates; and
increases in market rates, which may lead purchasers of our common shares to
demand a higher yield.
Development and construction risks could impact our profitability.
We intend to continue to develop and construct multifamily apartment communities for our
property portfolio. Our development and construction activities may be exposed to a number of risks
that may increase our construction costs including the following:
inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, necessary zoning, land-use,
building, occupancy and other required permits and authorizations, or problems with
subcontractors could result in increased costs;
incurring construction costs for a property exceeding our original estimates due
to increased materials, labor or other costs, or due to errors and omissions that
occur in the design or construction process;
experiencing fluctuations in occupancy rates and rents at a newly completed
property, which may not be adequate to make the property profitable;
inability to obtain financing with favorable terms for the development of a
community;
inability to complete construction and lease-up of a community on schedule,
resulting in increased costs;
incurring costs related to the abandonment of development opportunities which we
have pursued and deemed unfeasible; and
our inability to successfully implement our development and construction
strategy could adversely affect our results of operations and our ability to
satisfy our financial obligations and pay distributions to shareholders.
We also develop and construct properties for unrelated third parties pursuant to guaranteed
maximum price contracts. The terms of these contracts require us to estimate the time and costs to
complete a project and we assume the risk the time and costs associated with our performance may be
greater than was anticipated. As a result, our profitability on guaranteed maximum price contracts
is dependent on our ability to predict these factors accurately. The time and costs may be
affected by a variety of factors, including those listed above, many of which are beyond our
control. In addition, the terms of these contracts generally require a warranty period, which may
have a duration of up to ten years, during which we may be required to repair, replace or rebuild a
project in the event of a material defect.
Our property acquisition strategy may not produce the cash flows expected.
In the normal course of our business, we continually evaluate a number of potential
acquisitions and may acquire additional operating properties. The success of our acquisition
activities is subject to a number of risks, including the following:
we may not be able to successfully integrate acquired properties into our
existing operations;
our estimates of the costs of repositioning or redeveloping the acquired
property may prove inaccurate; and
the expected occupancy and rental rates may differ from the actual results.
Our inability to successfully implement our property acquisition strategy could adversely
affect our results of operations and our ability to satisfy our financial obligations and pay
distributions to shareholders. We expect other real estate investors, including insurance
companies, pension and investment funds, private investors and other apartment REITs will compete
with us to acquire existing properties and to develop new properties. This competition could
increase prices for the type of properties we would likely pursue and adversely affect our ability
to acquire these properties or the profitability of such properties upon acquisition.
Difficulties of selling real estate could limit our flexibility.
Real estate investments generally cannot be disposed of quickly, especially when market
conditions are poor. This may limit our ability to vary our portfolio promptly in response to
changes in economic or other conditions. In addition, in order to maintain our status as a REIT,
the Code imposes restrictions on our ability to sell properties held fewer than four years, which
may cause us to incur losses thereby reducing our cash flows and adversely impacting distributions
to shareholders.
We have significant debt, which could have important consequences.
As of December 31, 2006, we had outstanding debt of approximately $2.3 billion. This
indebtedness could have important consequences, including:
if a property is mortgaged to secure payment of indebtedness, and if we are
unable to meet our mortgage obligations, we could sustain a loss as a result of
foreclosure on the mortgage;
our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions is increased; and
our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in business and industry is limited.
Variable rate debt is subject to interest rate risk.
We have mortgage debt with varying interest rates dependent upon the market index. In
addition, we have a revolving credit facility bearing interest at a variable rate on all amounts
drawn on the facility. We may incur additional variable rate debt in the future. Increases in
interest rates on variable rate debt would increase our interest expense, which would adversely
affect net income and cash available for payment of our debt obligations and distributions to
shareholders.
Issuances of additional debt or equity may adversely impact our financial condition.
Our capital requirements depend on numerous factors, including the occupancy rates of our
apartment properties, dividend payment rates to our shareholders, development and capital
expenditures, costs of operations and potential acquisitions. If our capital requirements vary
materially from our plans, we may require additional financing sooner than anticipated.
Accordingly, we could become more leveraged, resulting in increased risk of default on our
obligations and an increase in our debt service requirements, both of which could adversely affect
our financial condition and ability to access debt and equity capital markets in the future.
Losses from catastrophes may exceed our insurance coverage.
We carry comprehensive property and liability insurance on our properties, which we believe is
of the type and amount customarily obtained on similar real property assets. We intend to obtain
similar coverage for properties we acquire in the future. However, some losses, generally of a
catastrophic nature, such as losses from floods, hurricanes or earthquakes, may be subject to
coverage limitations. We exercise our discretion in determining amounts, coverage limits and
deductibility provisions of insurance, to maintain appropriate insurance on our investments at a
reasonable cost and on suitable terms. If we suffer a substantial loss, our insurance coverage may
not be sufficient to pay the full current market value or current replacement value of our lost
investment, as well as the anticipated future revenues from the property. Inflation, changes in
building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors also may reduce the
feasibility of using insurance proceeds to replace a property after it has been damaged or
destroyed.
Potential liability for environmental contamination could result in substantial costs.
Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, we are liable for
costs to investigate and remove or remediate hazardous or toxic substances on or in our properties,
in some cases, regardless of whether we knew of or were responsible for the presence of these
substances. These costs, and other costs of investigation, remediation or removal of hazardous
substances, may be substantial. Also, the presence of hazardous or toxic substances on a property,
or the failure to properly remediate such substances, may adversely affect our ability to sell or
rent the property or use the property as collateral.
Additionally, we occasionally develop, manage, lease and/or operate various properties for
third parties. Consequently, we may be considered to have been or to be an operator of these
properties and, therefore, potentially liable for removal or remediation costs or other potential
costs that could relate to hazardous or toxic substances.
Over the past several years, there have been an increasing number of lawsuits against owners
and managers of multifamily properties alleging personal injury and property damage caused by the
presence of mold in residential real estate. Some of these lawsuits have resulted in substantial
monetary judgments or settlements. Insurance carriers have reacted to these liability awards by
excluding mold related claims from standard policies and pricing mold endorsements at high rates.
Therefore, should we be named in a lawsuit regarding mold infiltration, the amount of damages may
not be fully covered under insurance.
Tax matters, including failure to qualify as a REIT, could have adverse consequences.
We may not continue to qualify in the future as a REIT. The Internal Revenue Service may
challenge our qualification as a REIT for prior years and new legislation, regulations,
administrative interpretations or court decisions may change the tax laws or the application of the
tax laws with respect to qualification as a REIT or the federal tax consequences of such
qualification.
For any taxable year we fail to qualify as a REIT:
we would be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at corporate
rates, subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax;
we would be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years
following the year in which we failed to qualify, thereby reducing our net earning
available for operations, including any distributions to shareholders, as we would
be required to pay significant income taxes for the year or years involved; and
our ability to expand our business and raise capital would be impaired, which
may adversely affect the value of our common shares.
We may face other tax liabilities in the future which may impact our cash flow. These
potential tax liabilities may be calculated on our income or property at either the corporate or
individual property levels. Any additional tax expense incurred would decrease the cash available
for distribution to our shareholders.
Investments through joint ventures and partnerships involve risks not present in investments in
which we are the sole investor.
Instead of acquiring or developing apartment communities directly, we may invest in a joint
venture or partnership as a partner. These investments involve risks, including the possibility
our partner may become insolvent, our partner may have business goals which are inconsistent with
ours, or our partner may be in a position to take action or withhold consent contrary to our
requests. We and our partner may each have the right to trigger a buy-sell arrangement, which
could cause us to sell our interest, or acquire our partners interest, at a time when we otherwise
would not have initiated such a transaction.
Compliance or failure to comply with laws requiring access to our properties by disabled persons
could result in substantial cost.
The Americans with Disabilities Act, or ADA, the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988, or FHAA,
and other federal, state and local laws generally require public accommodations be made accessible
to disabled persons. Noncompliance could result in the imposition of fines by the government or
the award of damages to private litigants. These laws may require us to modify our existing
properties. These laws may also restrict renovations by requiring improved access to such
buildings by disabled persons or may require us to add other structural features that increase our
construction costs. Legislation or regulations adopted in the future may impose further burdens or
restrictions on us with respect to improved access by disabled persons. Although we believe our
properties are substantially in compliance with present requirements, we may incur unanticipated
expenses to comply with ADA, FHAA and other federal, state and local laws.
Share ownership limits and our ability to issue additional equity securities may prevent takeovers
beneficial to shareholders.
For us to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must have 100 or more shareholders during
the year and not more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares may be owned, directly or
indirectly, by five or fewer individuals. As defined for federal income tax purposes, the term
individuals includes a number of specified entities. To minimize the possibility we will fail to
qualify as a REIT under this test, our declaration of trust includes restrictions on transfers of
our shares and ownership limits. The ownership limits, as well as our ability to issue other
classes of equity securities, may delay, defer or prevent a change in control. These provisions
may also deter tender offers for our common shares that may be attractive to you, or limit your
opportunity to receive a premium for your shares that might otherwise exist if a third party were
attempting to effect a change in control transaction.
Competition could limit our ability to lease apartments or increase or maintain rental income.
Our apartment communities compete with numerous housing alternatives in attracting residents,
including other rental apartments, condominiums and single-family homes available for rent or sale.
Competitive residential housing in a particular area could adversely affect our ability to lease
apartments and increase or maintain rents.
We depend on our key personnel.
Our success depends in part on our ability to attract and retain the services of executive
officers and other personnel. There is substantial competition for qualified personnel in the real
estate industry and the loss of several of our key personnel could have an adverse effect on us.
Changes in laws and litigation risks could affect our business.
As a large publicly-traded owner of multifamily properties, we may become involved in legal
proceedings, including consumer, employment, tort or commercial litigation, which if decided
adversely to or settled by us, could result in liability that is material to our financial
condition or results of operations.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Camden Property Trust (CPT) - Description of business
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