Item 1. Business
J. Alexander’s Corporation (the “Company” or “J. Alexander’s”) was organized in 1971 and, as of January 1, 2006, operated as a proprietary concept 28 J. Alexander’s full-service, casual dining restaurants located in Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Ohio, Tennessee and Texas. J. Alexander’s is a traditional restaurant with an American menu featuring prime rib of beef; hardwood-grilled steaks, seafood and chicken; pasta; salads and soups; assorted sandwiches, appetizers and desserts; and a full-service bar.
Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to the Company include J. Alexander’s Corporation and its subsidiaries.
RESTAURANT OPERATIONS
General. J. Alexander’s is a quality casual dining restaurant with a contemporary American menu. J. Alexander’s strategy is to provide a broad range of high-quality menu items that are intended to appeal to a wide range of consumer tastes and which are served by a courteous, friendly and well-trained service staff. The Company believes that quality food, outstanding service, an attractive ambiance and value are critical to the success of J. Alexander’s.
Each restaurant is generally open from 11:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. Monday through Thursday, 11:00 a.m. to 12:00 midnight on Friday and Saturday, and 11:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. on Sunday. Entrees available at lunch and dinner generally range in price from $6.95 to $27.00. The Company estimates that the average check per customer for fiscal 2005, including alcoholic beverages, was $21.50. J. Alexander’s net sales during fiscal 2005 were $126.6 million, of which alcoholic beverage sales accounted for approximately 17.0%.
The Company opened its first J. Alexander’s restaurant in Nashville, Tennessee in 1991. The number of J. Alexander’s restaurants opened by year is set forth in the following table:
| Year | Restaurants Opened | |||
1991 |
1 | |||
1992 |
2 | |||
1994 |
2 | |||
1995 |
4 | |||
1996 |
5 | |||
1997 |
4 | |||
1998 |
2 | |||
1999 |
1 | |||
2000 |
1 | |||
2001 |
2 | |||
2003 |
3 | |||
2005 |
1 | |||
Menu. Emphasis on quality is present throughout the entire J. Alexander’s menu, which is designed to appeal to a wide variety of tastes. The menu features prime rib of beef; hardwood-grilled steaks, seafood and chicken; pasta; salads and soups; and assorted sandwiches, appetizers and desserts. As a part of the Company’s commitment to quality, soups, sauces, salsa, salad dressings and desserts are made daily from scratch; fresh steaks, chicken and seafood are grilled over genuine hardwood; all steaks are U.S.D.A. midwestern, corn-fed choice beef or higher, with a targeted aging of 24 to 41 days; and imported Italian pasta, topped with fresh grated parmesan cheese, is used.
Guest Service. Management believes that prompt, courteous and efficient service is an integral part of the J. Alexander’s concept. The management staff of each restaurant are referred to as “coaches” and the other employees as “champions”. The Company seeks to hire coaches who are committed to the principle that quality products and service are key factors to success in the restaurant industry. Each J. Alexander’s restaurant typically employs four to five fully-trained concept coaches and two kitchen coaches. Many of the coaches have previous experience in full-service restaurants and all complete an intensive J. Alexander’s development program, generally lasting for 19 weeks, involving all aspects of restaurant operations.
Each J. Alexander’s restaurant employs approximately 40 to 60 service personnel, 25 to 30 kitchen employees, 8 to 10 hosts or hostesses and 6 to 8 pubkeeps. The Company places significant emphasis on its initial training program. In addition, the coaches hold training breakfasts for the service staff to further enhance their product knowledge. Management believes J.
Alexander’s restaurants have a low table to server ratio, which is designed to provide better, more attentive service. The Company is committed to employee empowerment, and each member of the service staff is authorized to provide complimentary food in the event that a guest has an unsatisfactory dining experience or the food quality is not up to the Company’s standards. Further, all members of the service staff are trained to know the Company’s product specifications and to alert management of any potential problems.
Quality Assurance. A key position in each J. Alexander’s restaurant is the quality control coordinator. This position is staffed by a coach who inspects each plate of food before it is served to a guest. The Company believes that this product inspection by a member of management is a significant factor in maintaining consistent, high food quality in its restaurants.
Another important component of the quality assurance system is the preparation of taste plates. Certain menu items are taste-tested daily by a coach to ensure that only the highest quality food meeting the Company’s specifications is served in the restaurant. The Company also uses a service evaluation program to monitor service staff performance, food quality and guest satisfaction.
Restaurant Design and Site Selection. The J. Alexander’s restaurants are generally free-standing structures that typically contain approximately 7,000 to 8,000 square feet and seat approximately 230 people. The restaurants’ interiors are designed to provide an upscale ambiance and feature an open kitchen. The Company has used a variety of interior and exterior finishes and materials in its building designs which are intended to provide a high level of curb appeal as well as a comfortable dining experience.
The design of J. Alexander’s restaurant exteriors has evolved through the years, with the Company’s restaurants opened from 2001 through 2003 in Boca Raton, Florida, Atlanta, Georgia and Northbrook, Illinois maintaining a Wrightian architectural style which represents a recent J. Alexander’s building design. These buildings feature a high central-barreled roof and exposed structural steel system over an open, symmetrical floor plan. Angled window wall projections from the dining room provide a focus into the interior and create an anchor for the building. A garden seating area for waiting is provided by the patio and open trellis adjacent to the entrance, integrating the building into the adjacent landscape.
From 1996 through 2000, the Company’s building designs generally utilized craftsman-style architecture, which featured natural materials such as stone, wood and weathering copper, as well as a blend of international and craftsman architecture featuring elements such as steel, concrete, stone and glass, subtly incorporated to give a contemporary feel. Prior to 1996, the building style most frequently used by the Company was a “warehouse” style building which featured high ceilings, wooden trusses and exposed ductwork.
Departures from the more typical building designs have also been made as necessary to accommodate unique situations. For example, the Company’s newest restaurant in Nashville, Tennessee, involved the complete renovation of an older building to incorporate the development of 8,100 square feet of contemporary restaurant space along a busy thoroughfare just outside downtown Nashville, with a special emphasis on providing views both into and out of the dining area. Surplus space within the building, which is leased by the Company, was developed as retail space available for sublease to upscale retail tenants. The Company’s restaurant in Chicago, Illinois is located in a developing upscale urban shopping district and prominently occupies over 9,000 square feet of a restored warehouse building. The J. Alexander’s restaurant located in Troy, Michigan is located inside the prestigious Summerset Collection Mall and features a very upscale, contemporary design developed specifically for that location. The Company’s Houston restaurant which opened in 2003 was previously operated by another full service, upscale casual dining concept and required minimal changes to the building’s exterior and interior finishes.
While no new restaurants are expected to open in 2006, the Company plans to open two new restaurants during 2007 and would also consider quickly taking advantage of any attractive opportunities for conversion of other restaurants which might arise. Capital expenditures for 2006 are estimated to total $3.9 million for additions and improvements to existing restaurants, including approximately $550,000 of payments primarily for assets acquired in 2005 for the new J. Alexander’s restaurant opened in the fourth quarter of 2005. However, depending on the timing and success of management’s efforts to locate acceptable sites, additional amounts could be expended in 2006 in connection with development of new J. Alexander’s restaurants. Excluding the cost of land acquisition, the Company estimates that the cash investment for site preparation and for constructing and equipping a new, free-standing J. Alexander’s restaurant is currently estimated to be approximately $3.5 to $4.5 million, although costs could be much higher in certain locations. The Company has generally preferred to own its sites because of the long-term value of real estate ownership. However, because of the Company’s current development strategy, which focuses on markets with high population densities and household incomes, it has become increasingly difficult to locate sites that are available for purchase and the Company has leased the sites for all but two of its restaurants opened since 1997. The cost of the two sites most recently purchased averaged approximately $1.5 million each. Management anticipates that the cost of future sites, when and if purchased, will range from $1.25 to $2 million, and could exceed this range for exceptional properties.
The Company plans to open two new restaurants in 2007 and up to three restaurants per year beginning in 2008. The timing of restaurant openings depends upon the selection and availability of suitable sites and other factors. The Company has no plans to franchise J. Alexander’s restaurants.
The Company believes that its ability to select high profile restaurant sites is critical to the success of the J. Alexander’s operations. Once a prospective site is identified and preliminary site analysis is performed and evaluated, members of the Company’s senior management team visit the proposed location and evaluate the particular site and the surrounding area. The Company analyzes a variety of factors in the site selection process, including local market demographics, the number, type and success of competing restaurants in the immediate and surrounding area and accessibility to and visibility from major thoroughfares. The Company believes that this site selection strategy results in quality restaurant locations, although results for the Company’s two restaurants opened in the fourth quarter of 2003 have been below management’s expectations.
SERVICE MARK
The Company has registered the service mark J. Alexander’s Restaurant with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and believes that it is of material importance to the Company’s business.
COMPETITION
The restaurant industry is highly competitive. The Company believes that the principal competitive factors within the industry are site location, product quality, service and price; however, menu variety, attractiveness of facilities and customer recognition are also important factors. The Company’s restaurants compete not only with numerous other casual dining restaurants with national or regional images, but also with other types of food service operations in the vicinity of each of the Company’s restaurants. These include other restaurant chains or franchise operations with greater public recognition, substantially greater financial resources and higher total sales volume than the Company. The restaurant business is often affected by changes in consumer tastes, national, regional or local economic conditions, demographic trends, traffic patterns and the type, number and location of competing restaurants.
PERSONNEL
As of January 1, 2006, the Company employed approximately 2,700 persons. The Company believes that its employee relations are good. It is not a party to any collective bargaining agreements.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
Each of the Company’s restaurants is subject to various federal, state and local laws, regulations and administrative practices relating to the sale of food and alcoholic beverages, and sanitation, fire and building codes. Restaurant operating costs are also affected by other governmental actions that are beyond the Company’s control, which may include increases in the minimum hourly wage requirements, workers’ compensation insurance rates and unemployment and other taxes. Difficulties or failures in obtaining the required licenses or approvals could delay or prevent the opening of a new restaurant.
Alcoholic beverage control regulations require each of the Company’s J. Alexander’s restaurants to apply for and obtain from state and local authorities a license or permit to sell liquor on the premises and, in some states, to provide service for extended hours and on Sundays. Typically, licenses must be renewed annually and may be revoked or suspended for cause at any time. The failure of any restaurant to obtain or retain any required liquor licenses would adversely affect the restaurant’s operations. In certain states, the Company may be subject to “dram-shop” statutes, which generally provide a person injured by an intoxicated person the right to recover damages from the establishment which wrongfully served alcoholic beverages to the intoxicated person. Of the 12 states where J. Alexander’s operates, 11 have dram-shop statutes or recognize a cause of action for damages relating to sales of liquor to obviously intoxicated persons and/or minors. The Company carries liquor liability coverage with an aggregate limit and a limit per “common cause” of $1 million as part of its comprehensive general liability insurance.
The Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in public accommodations and employment. The ADA became effective as to public accommodations and employment in 1992. Construction and remodeling projects completed by the Company since January 1992 have taken into account the requirements of the ADA. While no further expenditures relating to ADA compliance in existing restaurants are anticipated, the Company could be required to further modify its restaurants’ physical facilities to comply with the provisions of the ADA.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY
The following list includes names and ages of all of the executive officers of the Company indicating all positions and offices with the Company held by each such person and each such person’s principal occupations or employment during the past five years. All such persons have been appointed to serve until the next annual appointment of officers and until their successors are appointed, or until their earlier resignation or removal.
| Name and Age | Background Information | |
R. Gregory Lewis, 53
|
Chief Financial Officer since July 1986; Vice President of Finance and Secretary since August 1984. | |
J. Michael Moore, 46
|
Vice-President of Human Resources and Administration since November 1997; Director of Human Resources and Administration from August 1996 to November 1997; Director of Operations, J. Alexander’s Restaurants, Inc. from March 1993 to April 1996. | |
Mark A. Parkey, 43
|
Vice-President since May 1999; Controller since May 1997; Director of Finance from January 1993 to May 1997. | |
Lonnie J. Stout II, 59
|
Chairman since July 1990; Director, President and Chief Executive Officer since May 1986. |
Available Information
The Company’s internet website address is http://www.jalexanders.com . The Company makes available free of charge through its website the Company’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practical after it electronically files or furnishes such materials to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Information contained on the Company’s website is not part of this report.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K relating to certain matters involve risks and uncertainties, including anticipated financial performance, business prospects, anticipated capital expenditures, financing arrangements and other similar matters, which reflect management’s best judgment based on factors currently known. Actual results and experience could differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the Company’s forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including those described below under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Forward-looking information provided by the Company pursuant to the safe harbor established under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 should be evaluated in the context of these factors. In addition, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In connection with the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the Company is including the following cautionary statements identifying important factors that could cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from those projected in forward looking statements of the Company made by, or on behalf of, the Company.
The Company Faces Challenges in Opening New Restaurants. The Company’s continued growth depends on its ability to open new J. Alexander’s restaurants and to operate them profitably, which will depend on a number of factors, including the selection and availability of suitable locations, the hiring and training of sufficiently skilled management and other personnel and other factors, some of which are beyond the control of the Company. The Company’s growth strategy includes opening restaurants in markets where it has little or no meaningful operating experience and in which potential customers may not be familiar with its restaurants. The success of these new restaurants may be affected by different competitive conditions, consumer tastes and discretionary spending patterns, and the Company’s ability to generate market awareness and acceptance of J. Alexander’s. As a result, costs incurred related to the opening, operation and promotion of these new restaurants may be greater than those incurred in other areas. In addition, it has been the Company’s experience that new restaurants generate operating losses while they build sales levels to maturity. At January 1, 2006, the Company operated 28 J. Alexander’s restaurants. Because of the Company’s relatively small restaurant base, an unsuccessful new restaurant could have a more adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations than would be the case in a restaurant company with a greater number of restaurants.
The Company Faces Intense Competition. The restaurant industry is intensely competitive with respect to price, service, location and food quality, and there are many well-established competitors with substantially greater financial and other resources than the Company. Some of the Company’s competitors have been in existence for a substantially longer period than the Company and may be better established in markets where the Company’s restaurants are or may be located. The restaurant business is often affected by changes in consumer tastes, national, regional or local economic conditions, demographic trends, traffic patterns and the type, number and location of competing restaurants.
The Company May Experience Fluctuations in Quarterly Results. The Company’s quarterly results of operations are affected by the timing of the opening of new J. Alexander’s restaurants, and fluctuations in the cost of food, labor, employee benefits, utilities and similar costs over which the Company has limited or no control. The Company’s operating results may also be affected by inflation or other non-operating items which the Company is unable to predict or control. In the past, management has attempted to anticipate and avoid material adverse effects on the Company’s profitability due to increasing costs through its purchasing practices and menu price adjustments, but there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so in the future.
Changes in General Economic and Political Conditions Affect Consumer Spending and May Harm Revenues and Operating Results. Weak general economic conditions could decrease discretionary spending by consumers and could impact the frequency with which the Company’s customers choose to dine out or the amount they spend on meals while dining out, thereby decreasing the Company’s net sales. Additionally, possible future terrorist attacks and other military conflict could lead to a weakening of the economy. Adverse economic conditions and any related decrease in discretionary spending by the Company’s customers could have an adverse effect on net sales and operating results.
The Company’s Operating Strategy is Dependent on Providing Exceptional Food Quality and Outstanding Service. The Company’s success depends largely upon its ability to attract, train, motivate and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees, including restaurant managers, kitchen staff and servers who can meet the high standards necessary to deliver the levels of food quality and service on which the J. Alexander’s concept is based. Qualified individuals of the caliber and number needed to fill these positions are in short supply in some areas and competition for qualified employees could require the Company to pay higher wages to attract sufficient employees. Also, increases in employee turnover could have an adverse effect on food quality and guest service resulting in an adverse effect on net sales and results of operations.
Significant Capital is Required to Develop New Restaurants. The Company’s capital investment in its restaurants is relatively high as compared to some other casual dining companies. Failure of a new restaurant to generate satisfactory net sales and profits in relation to its investment could result in failure of the Company to achieve the desired financial return on the restaurant. Also, the Company has at times required capital beyond the cash flow provided from operations in order to expand, resulting in a significant amount of long-term debt and interest expense.
Changes In Food Costs Could Negatively Impact The Company’s Net Sales and Results of Operations. The Company’s profitability is dependent in part on its ability to purchase food commodities which meet its specifications and to anticipate and react to changes in food costs and product availability. Ingredients are purchased from suppliers on terms and conditions that management believes are generally consistent with those available to similarly situated restaurant companies. Although alternative distribution sources are believed to be available for most products, increases in food prices, failure to perform by suppliers or distributors or limited availability of products at reasonable prices could cause the Company’s food costs to fluctuate and/or cause the Company to make adjustments to its menu offerings. Additional factors beyond the Company’s control, including adverse weather and market conditions, disease and governmental regulation, may also affect food costs and product availability. The Company may not be able to anticipate and react to changing food costs or product availability issues through its purchasing practices and menu price adjustments in the future, and failure to do so could negatively impact the Company’s net sales and results of operations.
Hurricanes and Other Weather Related Disturbances Could Negatively Affect the Company’s Net Sales and Results of Operations. Certain of the Company’s restaurants are located in regions of the country which are commonly affected by hurricanes. Restaurant closures resulting from evacuations, damage or power or water outages caused by hurricanes could adversely affect the Company’s net sales and profitability.
Litigation Could Have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company’s Business. From time to time the Company is the subject of complaints or litigation from guests alleging food-borne illness, injury or other food quality or operational concerns. The Company is also subject to complaints or allegations from current, former or prospective employees based on, among other things, wage or other discrimination, harassment or wrongful termination. Any claims may be expensive to defend and could divert resources which would otherwise be used to improve the performance of the Company. A lawsuit or claim could also result in an adverse decision against the Company that could have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s business.
The Company is also subject to state “dram shop” laws and regulations, which generally provide that a person injured by an intoxicated person may seek to recover damages from an establishment that wrongfully served alcoholic beverages to such person. While the Company carries liquor liability coverage as part of its existing comprehensive general liability insurance, the Company could be subject to a judgment in excess of its insurance coverage and might not be able to obtain or continue to maintain such insurance coverage at reasonable costs, or at all.
Nutrition and Health Concerns Could Have an Adverse Effect on the Company. Nutrition and health concerns are receiving increased attention from the media and government as well as from the health and academic communities. Food served by restaurants has sometimes been suggested as the cause of obesity and related health disorders. Certain restaurant foods have also been argued to be unsafe because of possible allergic reactions to them which may be experienced by guests, or because of alleged high toxin levels. Some restaurant companies have been the target of consumer lawsuits, including class action suits, claiming that the restaurants were liable for health problems experienced by their guests. Continued focus on these concerns by activist groups could result in a perception by consumers that food served in restaurants is unhealthy, or unsafe, and is the cause of a significant health crisis. Additional food labeling and disclosures could also be mandated by government regulators. Adverse publicity, the cost of any litigation against the Company, and the cost of compliance with new regulations related to food nutritional and safety concerns could have an adverse effect on the Company’s net sales and operating costs.
The Company’s Current Insurance Policies May Not Provide Adequate Levels of Coverage Against All Claims. The Company currently maintains insurance coverage that management believes is customary for businesses of its size and type. However, there are types of losses the Company may incur that cannot be insured against or that management believes are not commercially reasonable to insure. These losses, if they occur, could have a material and adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations.
Expanding the Company’s Restaurant Base By Opening New Restaurants in Existing Markets Could Reduce the Business of its Existing Restaurants. The Company’s growth strategy includes opening restaurants in markets in which it already has existing restaurants. The Company may be unable to attract enough guests to the new restaurants for them to operate at a profit. Even if enough guests are attracted to the new restaurants for them to operate at a profit, those guests may be former guests of one of the Company’s existing restaurants in that market and the opening of new restaurants in the existing market could reduce the net sales of its existing restaurants in that market.
Government Regulation and Licensing May Delay New Restaurant Openings or Affect Operations. The restaurant industry is subject to extensive state and local government regulation relating to the sale of food and alcoholic beverages, and sanitation, fire and building codes. Termination of the liquor license for any J. Alexander’s restaurant would adversely affect the net sales for the restaurant. Restaurant operating costs are also affected by other government actions that are beyond the Company’s control, which may include increases in the minimum hourly wage requirements, workers’ compensation insurance rates and unemployment and other taxes. If the Company experiences difficulties in obtaining or fails to obtain required licensing or other regulatory approvals, this delay or failure could delay or prevent the opening of a new J. Alexander’s restaurant. The suspension of, or inability to renew, a license could interrupt operations at an existing restaurant, and the inability to retain or renew such licenses would adversely affect the operations of the restaurants.
Future Changes in Financial Accounting Standards May Cause Adverse Unexpected Operating Results and Affect the Company’s Reported Results of Operations. A change in accounting standards can have a significant effect on the Company’s reported results and may affect the reporting of transactions completed before the change is effective. As an example, the requirement that, beginning in 2006, compensation expense be recorded in the consolidated statement of income for employee stock options using the fair value method could have a significant negative effect on the Company’s reported results. New pronouncements and evolving interpretations of pronouncements have occurred and may occur in the future. Changes to the existing rules or differing interpretations with respect to the Company’s current practices may adversely affect its reported financial results.
Compliance With Changing Regulation of Corporate Governance and Public Disclosure May Result in Additional Expenses. Keeping abreast of, and in compliance with, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, new SEC regulations and American Stock Exchange rules, has required an increased amount of management attention and external resources. The Company remains committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and public disclosure and intends to invest all reasonably necessary resources to comply with evolving standards. This investment will result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
