GENERAL
Lafayette is a one-bank holding company incorporated in January of 1999. Lafayette's primary asset is the Bank, a wholly-owned banking subsidiary, which is an Indiana-chartered commercial bank. The Bank received regulatory approval to open in the fall of 2000 and commenced banking operations on November 1, 2000.
At December 31, 2002, Lafayette had $76,710,000 of assets, loans of $60,794,000, deposits of $62,545,000 and shareholders' equity of $8,427,000. The Bank operates from two (2) offices located in Lafayette, Indiana. As of December 31, 2002, the Bank had seventeen (17) full time employees. Lafayette has no full time employees. Lafayette is subject to regulation by the Federal Reserve Board.
The Bank's deposits are insured to the maximum extent permitted by law by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"). The Bank is subject to comprehensive regulation, examination and supervision by the Indiana Department of Financial Institutions ("DFI") and the FDIC.
The business of the Bank consists primarily of attracting deposits from the general public and originating commercial, residential real estate, and consumer loans. Consumer loans include, among others, new and used automobile and other secured and unsecured personal loans. The Bank originates adjustable rate first mortgage loans, second mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit secured by single-family homes. The Bank offers commercial loans to area businesses, in addition to new home construction loans and business lines of credit.
The principal sources of funds for the Bank's lending activities include deposits received from the general public, amortization and repayment of loans, and maturity of investment securities.
The Bank's primary source of income is interest on loans. Its principal expenses are interest paid on deposit accounts and borrowings, salaries and employee benefits, premises and equipment expenses, data processing expenses and other overhead expenses incurred in operation.
SOURCES OF FUNDS
Deposits are the primary source of the Bank's funds for use in lending and for other general business purposes. Proceeds from issuance of common stock in 2000 were also used as a source of funding for loan growth. However, the additional issuance of common stock is not in the short-term plans for Lafayette.
DEPOSIT ACTIVITIES
The Bank offers several types of deposit programs designed to attract both short-term and long-term savings by providing a wide assortment of accounts and rates. Interest earned on statement savings accounts is paid from the date of deposit to the date of withdrawal, compounded and credited quarterly.
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Interest earned on money market demand deposits is compounded and credited monthly. The interest rates on these accounts are reviewed by the management of the Bank daily and adjusted as frequently as deemed necessary based on market conditions and other factors.
SERVICE AREA
The primary service area served by Lafayette and the Bank is Tippecanoe County, Indiana, within which the cities of Lafayette and West Lafayette are located. The combined population of Lafayette and West Lafayette is approximately 73,000. This primary service area represents the geographic areas from which the Bank generates the majority of its business. The primary employers in the service area include Purdue University, Wabash National, Subaru-Isuzu Automotive, Inc., Caterpillar Inc., Home Hospital, Fairfield Manufacturing, Alcoa and Eli Lilly & Co. Business is also sought in Benton County, White County, Carroll County, Clinton County, Montgomery County, Warren County and Fountain County, Indiana.
There are no unusual customer groups in the Tippecanoe County market area. Purdue University is within our service area and its presence is evident in the demographic characteristics; however, Tippecanoe County has a diversified economic base that we believe is not overly dependent on any single industry.
COMPETITION
The Bank faces strong competition for deposits, loans and other financial services from numerous Indiana and out-of-state banks, thrifts, credit unions and other financial institutions as well as other entities which provide financial services, including consumer finance companies, securities brokerage firms, mortgage brokers, insurance companies, mutual funds and other lending sources and investment alternatives. Some of the financial institutions and financial services organizations with which the Bank competes are not subject to the same degree of regulation as Lafayette and the Bank. Many of the financial institutions aggressively compete for business in Lafayette's market areas. Many of these competitors have been in business for many years, have established customer bases, have substantially higher lending limits than Lafayette, are larger and will be able to offer certain services that Lafayette does not currently offer, including international banking services. In addition, most of these entities have greater capital resources than Lafayette, which, among other things, may allow them to price their services at levels more favorable to the customer and to provide larger credit facilities than could Lafayette.
REGULATION AND SUPERVISION OF LAFAYETTE AND THE BANK
Both Lafayette and the Bank operate in highly regulated environments and are subject to supervision and regulation by several state and federal government regulatory agencies, including the Federal Reserve Board, the FDIC, and the Indiana Department of Financial Institutions. The laws and regulations established by these agencies are generally intended to protect depositors, not shareholders. Changes in applicable laws, regulations, government policies, income tax laws and accounting principles may have a material effect on our business and prospects. The following summary is qualified by reference to the statutory and regulatory provisions discussed.
LAFAYETTE COMMUNITY BANCORP
THE BANK HOLDING COMPANY ACT. Because Lafayette owns all of the outstanding capital stock of the Bank, it is registered as a bank holding company under the federal Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 and is subject to periodic examination by the Federal Reserve and required to file periodic reports of its operations and any additional information that the Federal Reserve may require.
INVESTMENTS, CONTROL, AND ACTIVITIES. With some limited exceptions, the Bank Holding Company Act requires every bank holding company to obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve before acquiring another bank holding company or acquiring more than 5% of the voting shares of a bank (unless it already owns or controls the majority of such shares).
Bank holding companies are prohibited, with certain limited exceptions, from engaging in activities other than those of banking or of managing or controlling banks. They are also prohibited from acquiring or retaining direct or indirect ownership or control of voting shares or assets of any company which is not a bank or bank holding company, other than subsidiary companies furnishing services to or performing services for their subsidiaries, and other subsidiaries engaged in activities which the Federal Reserve Board determines to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be incidental to these operations. The Bank Holding Company Act does not place territorial restrictions on the activities of such nonbanking-related activities.
Effective as of March 11, 2000, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act allows bank holding companies meeting management, capital and CRA standards to engage in a substantially broader range of nonbanking activities then was previously permissible, including insurance underwriting and agency, and underwriting and making merchant banking investments in commercial and financial companies. This act also removes various restrictions that previously applied to bank holding company ownership of securities firms and mutual fund advisory companies. Lafayette does not currently plan to engage in any activity other than owning the stock of the Bank.
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DIVIDENDS. The Federal Reserve's policy is that a bank holding company experiencing earnings weaknesses should not pay cash dividends exceeding its net income or which could only be funded in ways that weakened the bank holding company's financial health, such as by borrowing. Additionally, the Federal Reserve possesses enforcement powers of bank holding companies and non-bank subsidiaries to prevent or remedy actions that represent unsafe or unsound practices or violations of applicable statutes and regulations. Among these powers is the ability to proscribe the payment of dividends by banks and bank holding companies.
SOURCE OF STRENGTH. In accordance with Federal Reserve Board policy, Lafayette is expected to act as a source of financial strength to the Bank and to commit resources to support the Bank in circumstances in which Lafayette might not otherwise do so.
LAFAYETTE COMMUNITY BANK
GENERAL REGULATORY SUPERVISION. The Bank is an Indiana-chartered banking corporation subject to examination by the Indiana Department of Financial Institutions. The Indiana Department of Financial Institutions and FDIC regulate or monitor virtually all areas of the Bank's operations. The Bank must undergo regular on site examinations by the FDIC and the Indiana Department of Financial Institutions and must submit annual reports to the FDIC and the Indiana Department of Financial Institutions.
LENDING LIMITS. Under Indiana law, the total loans and extensions of credit by an Indiana-chartered bank to a borrower outstanding at one time and not fully secured may not exceed 15% of the bank's capital and unimpaired surplus.
DEPOSIT INSURANCE. Deposits in the Bank are insured by the FDIC up to a maximum amount, which is generally $100,000 per depositor subject to aggregation rules. The Bank is subject to deposit insurance assessment by the FDIC pursuant to its regulations establishing a risk-related deposit insurance assessment system, based upon the institution's capital levels and risk profile. The Bank is also subject to assessment for the Financial Corporation ("FICO") to service the interest on its bond obligations. The amount assessed on individual institutions, including the Bank, by FICO is in addition to the amount paid for deposit insurance according to the risk-related assessment rate schedule. Increases in deposit insurance premiums or changes in risk classification will increase the Bank's cost of funds, and we may not be able to pass those costs on to our customers.
TRANSACTIONS WITH AFFILIATES AND INSIDERS. The Bank is subject to limitations on the amount of loans or extensions of credit to, or investments in, or certain other transactions with, affiliates and on the amount of advances to third parties collateralized by the securities or obligations of affiliates. Furthermore, within the foregoing limitations as to amount, each covered transaction must meet specified collateral requirements. Compliance is also required with certain provisions designed to avoid the taking of low quality assets. The Bank is also prohibited from engaging in certain transactions with certain affiliates unless the transactions are on terms substantially the same, or at least as favorable to such institution or its subsidiaries, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with nonaffiliated companies.
Extensions of credit by the Bank to its executive officers, directors, certain principal shareholders, and their related interests must:
- be made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with third parties; and
- not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features.
DIVIDENDS. Under Indiana law, the Bank may pay dividends from its undivided profits in an amount declared by its board of directors, subject to prior approval of the Indiana Department of Financial Institutions if the proposed dividend, when added to all prior dividends declared during the calendar year, would be greater than the current year's "net profits" and retained "net profits" for the previous two calendar years.
Federal law generally prohibits the Bank from paying a dividend to its holding company if the depository institution would thereafter be undercapitalized. The FDIC may prevent an insured bank from paying dividends if the bank is in default of payment of any assessment due to the FDIC. In addition, payment of dividends by a bank may be prevented by the applicable federal regulatory authority if such payment is determined, by reason of the financial condition of such bank, to be an unsafe and unsound banking practice.
BRANCHING AND ACQUISITIONS. Branching by the Bank requires the prior approval of the FDIC and the Indiana Department of Financial Institutions. Under current law, Indiana chartered banks may establish branches throughout the state and in other states. Congress authorized interstate branching, with certain limitations, beginning in 1997. Indiana law authorizes an Indiana bank to establish one or more branches in states other than Indiana through interstate merger transactions and to establish one or more interstate branches through de novo branching or the acquisition of a branch.
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COMMUNITY REINVESTMENT ACT. The Community Reinvestment Act requires that the FDIC evaluate the record of the Bank in meeting the credit needs of its local community, including low and moderate income neighborhoods. These factors are also considered in evaluating mergers, acquisitions, and applications to open a branch or facility. Failure to adequately meet these criteria could result in the imposition of additional requirements and limitations on the Bank.
CAPITAL REGULATIONS. The federal bank regulatory authorities have adopted risk-based capital guidelines for banks and bank holding companies that are designed to make regulatory capital requirements more sensitive to differences in risk profiles among banks and bank holding companies and account for off-balance sheet items. Risk-based capital ratios are determined by allocating assets and specified off-balance sheet commitments to four risk weighted categories of 0%, 20%, 50%, or 100%, with higher levels of capital being required for the categories perceived as representing greater risk. The guidelines are minimums, and the federal regulators have noted that banks and bank holding companies contemplating significant expansion programs should not allow expansion to diminish their capital ratios and should maintain ratios in excess of the minimums. Neither Lafayette nor the Bank has received any notice indicating that either is subject to higher capital requirements.
The federal bank regulatory authorities have also implemented a leverage ratio to supplement to the risk-based guidelines. The principal objective of the leverage ratio is to place a constraint on the maximum degree to which a bank holding company may leverage its equity capital base.
The Bank is also subject to the FDIC's "prompt corrective action" regulations, which implement a capital-based regulatory scheme to promote early intervention for troubled banks. This framework contains five categories of compliance with regulatory capital requirements, including "well capitalized," "adequately capitalized," "undercapitalized," "significantly undercapitalized," and "critically undercapitalized." As of December 31, 2002, the Bank was qualified as "well capitalized." It should be noted that a bank's capital category is determined solely for the purpose of applying the FDIC's "prompt corrective action" regulations and that the capital category may not constitute an accurate representations of a bank's overall financial condition or prospects. The degree of regulatory scrutiny of a financial institution increases, and the permissible activities of the institution decreases, as it moves downward through the capital categories. Bank holding companies controlling financial institutions can be required to boost the institutions' capital and to partially guarantee the institutions' performance.
OTHER REGULATIONS. Interest and other charges collected or contracted for by the Bank are subject to state usury laws and federal laws concerning interest rates. The Bank's loan operations are also subject to federal laws applicable to credit transactions, such as the:
- Truth-In-Lending Act, governing disclosures of credit terms to consumer borrowers;
- Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975, requiring financial institutions to provided information to enable the public and public officials to determine whether a financial institution is fulfilling its obligation to help meet the housing needs of the community it serves;
- Equal Credit Opportunity Act, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, creed or other prohibited factors in extending credit;
- Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1978, governing the use and provision of information to credit reporting agencies;
- Fair Debt Collection Act, governing the manner in which consumer debts may be collected by collection agencies; and
- rules and regulations of the various federal agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing such federal laws.
The deposit operations of the Bank also are subject to the:
- Customer information security guidelines, adopted by the federal bank regulatory agencies (the "Guidelines") for safeguarding confidential customer information. The Guidelines require each financial institution, under the supervision and ongoing oversight of its Board of Directors, to create a comprehensive written information security program designed to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer information, protect against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of such information; and protect against unauthorized access to or use of such information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer.
- Electronic Funds Transfer Act, and Regulation E issued by the Federal Reserve Board to implement that Act, which governs automatic deposits to and withdrawals from deposit accounts and customers' rights and liabilities arising from the use of automated teller machines and other electronic banking services.
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ENFORCEMENT POWERS. Federal regulatory agencies may assess civil and criminal penalties against depository institutions and certain "institution-affiliated parties," including management, employees, and agents of a financial institution, as well as independent contractors and consultants such as attorneys and accountants and others who participate in the conduct of the financial institution's affairs. In addition, regulators may commence enforcement actions against institutions and institution-affiliated parties. Possible enforcement actions include the termination of deposit insurance. Furthermore, regulators may issue cease-and-desist orders to, among other things, require affirmative action to correct any harm resulting from a violation or practice, including restitution, reimbursement, indemnifications or guarantees against loss. A financial institution may also be ordered to restrict its growth, dispose of certain assets, rescind agreements or contracts, or take other actions as determined by the regulator to be appropriate.
EFFECT OF GOVERNMENTAL MONETARY POLICIES. Our earnings are affected by domestic economic conditions and the monetary and fiscal policies of the United States government and its agencies. The Federal Reserve Bank's monetary policies have had, and are likely to continue to have, an important impact on the operating results of commercial banks through its power to implement national monetary policy in order, among other things, to curb inflation or combat a recession. The monetary policies of the Federal Reserve Board have major effects upon the levels of bank loans, investments and deposits through its open market operations in United States government securities and through its regulation of the discount rate on borrowings of member banks and the reserve requirements against member bank deposits. It is not possible to predict the nature or impact of future changes in monetary and fiscal policies.
Lafayette Community Bancorp (LFYC) - Description of business
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